To provide a continuous surface of concentrations (micrograms per cubic meter) of particulate matter of 2.5 micrometers or smaller (PM2.5) for health and environmental research.

To provide an open access, well documented global data set of roads between settlements using a consistent data model (UNSDI-T v.2) which is, to the extent possible, topologically integrated.

To provide gridded demographic data, including characteristics of age, race, ethnicity, and housing, for the United States.

To provide gridded demographic data, including characteristics of income, education, and housing, for the United States for data integration.

To provide gridded demographic data, including characteristics of age, race, ethnicity, and housing, for metropolitan statistical areas at a finer resolution than is available in the 30 arc-second grids used for the United States as a whole.

To provide gridded demographic data, including characteristics of income, education, and housing, for metropolitan statistical areas at a finer resolution than is available in the 30 arc-second grids used for the United States as a whole.

To provide tabular data to researchers without GIS capabilities who need data on population and land area by country across a range of physical characteristics. These include measures such as the number of persons living within coastal zones, the percent of a region within specific elevation strata, or the number of persons living within different climate zones.

To provide quantitative metrics for evaluating a country's environmental performance in different policy categories relative to clearly defined targets.

To provide a raster representation of urban areas (or urban mask) for use with GRUMP population grids or other data sets.

To provide populated place (point) data with consistent population estimates.

To provide a time series of raster population density data for data integration.

To provide a time series of raster population data for ntegration with other data sets

To permit the summation of population values by country/territory and, in combination with other data layers, the summation of population values by irregular areas represented in the other data layers and country/territory.

To permit cartographic display of countries and territories that exactly match the GRUMPv1 population surfaces

To provide land area data for use with GRUMPv1 population and urban data as well as a quantitative measure of resolution of the input spatial units for GRUMPv1.

To permit cartographic display of coastlines that exactly match the GRUMPv1 population surfaces.

To provide phosphorus fertilizer application data that can be used in socioeconomic and ecological modeling and to explore anthropogenic activities on ecosystems.

To provide a geographically explicit and reliable database of reservoirs for the scientific community.

To provide nitrogen in manure production data that can be used in socioeconomic and ecological modeling and to explore anthropogenic activities on ecosystems.

To provide a geographically explicit and reliable database of dams for the scientific community.