To provide land area data for use with GRUMPv1 population and urban data as well as a quantitative measure of resolution of the input spatial units for GRUMPv1.

To provide a raster representation of urban areas (or urban mask) for use with GRUMP population grids or other data sets.

To permit the summation of population values by country/territory and, in combination with other data layers, the summation of population values by irregular areas represented in the other data layers and country/territory.

To provide a time series of raster population density data for data integration.

To provide a time series of raster population data for ntegration with other data sets

To provide phosphorus in manure production data that can be used in socioeconomic and ecological modeling and to explore anthropogenic activities on ecosystems.

To provide nitrogen in manure production data that can be used in socioeconomic and ecological modeling and to explore anthropogenic activities on ecosystems.

To provide phosphorus fertilizer application data that can be used in socioeconomic and ecological modeling and to explore anthropogenic activities on ecosystems.

To provide nitrogen fertilizer application data that can be used in socioeconomic and ecological modeling and to explore anthropogenic activities on ecosystems.

To provide data on the extent of croplands for research on human-environment interactions.

To provide data on the extent of pasturelands for research on human-environment interactions.

To provide data that can assist in the extraction and analysis of chlorophyll-a concentration and trends from global grids.

To provide a gridded version of existing SeaWiFS data in GIS-compatible formats in order to determine concentrations of chlorophyll-a in the coastal water column and to facilitate the integration with other data.

To provide a gridded version of existing vector maps of amphibian species distribution in which each grid cell is recoded to 1 (for present) or 0 (for not present) for use in modeling efforts.

To provide a gridded version of existing vector maps of mammal species distribution at 1- kilometer that preserves the original coding (1=Extant, 2= Possibly present, 3=Probably extinct, 4=Extinct, 5=Extirpated purposely, 6=Occurs on indicated island chain, and 7=Subfossil/fossil).

To provide a gridded version of existing vector maps of bird species distribution at 1- kilometer that preserves the original coding (1=Extant, 2= Possibly present, 3=Probably extinct, 4=Extinct, 5=Extirpated purposely, 6=Occurs on indicated island chain, and 7=Subfossil/fossil).

To provide a gridded version of existing vector maps of amphibian species distribution at 1- kilometer that preserves the original coding (1=Extant, 2= Possibly present, 3=Probably extinct, 4=Extinct, 5=Extirpated purposely, 6=Occurs on indicated island chain, and 7=Subfossil/fossil).

To provide a gridded version of existing vector maps of bird species presence at 1- kilometer spatial resolution, which in turn can be used in modeling efforts, wildlife conservation planning, natural resource management, policy-making, biodiversity studies and human-environment interactions.

To provide provide information on the number of bird species present at a 1 kilometer spatial resolution which can be used in modeling efforts, wildlife conservation planning, natural resource management, policy-making, biodiversity studies and human-environment interactions.

To provide a gridded version of existing vector maps of mammal species distribution in which each grid cell is recoded to 1 (for present) or 0 (for not present) for use in modeling efforts.