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MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYER
Objectives
==========
To protect the ozone layer by taking precautionary measures to
control global emissions of substances that deplete it.
Summary of provisions
======================
1. The Parties agree to control:
(a) Annual consumption and production of substances named in
annex A at the 1986 annual level; for substances in both groups I
and II, of annex A commencing 7 months and 36 months, respectively,
after the protocol enters into force;
(b) Annual consumption and production of the substances in
Group I to be reduced to fifty percent (50 per cent) of the 1986
annual level from 1 July 1988 (art. 2);
2. Developing countries consuming less than 0.3 kg per
capita of the controlled substances, on the entry into force of the
Protocol for them, may delay compliance with paragraphs 2, 3 and 4
of article 2 of the Protocol by ten years, provided in that period
they do not exceed 0.3 kg per capita (arts. 2 and 5).
3. A year after the entry of the Protocol into force Parties
may not import the substances from a non-party to the Protocol.
After January 1993 developing countries may not export such
substances to a non-party (arts. 4 and 5).
The Protocol which operates with the framework of the Vienna
Convention for the Protection of the Ozone layer, provides for
measures of exchange of technology and information, calculation of
control levels and assessment and review of the progress achieved.
Membership
==========
Open for ratification, acceptance, approval or accession of
any state or regional economic integration organization which are
Parties to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone
Layer.
Adjustment Amendment
Date of adoption 16. 9.1987 29. 6.1990 29. 6.1990
Place of adoption Montreal,Canada London, UK London, UK
Date of entry into force 1. 1.1989 7. 3.1991 10. 8.1992
(in accordance with
Article 16)
Languages Arabic, Chinese
English, French, same same
Russian, Spanish
Depositary Secretary-General
of the United
Nations
Participant Signature Ratification Entry into
Accession (Ac) force
Acceptance (At)
Approval (Ap)
------------ --------- --------------- ----------
Succession (S)
Algeria 20.10.1992 (Ac) 18. 1.1993
Antigua and Barbuda 3.12.1992 (Ac) 3. 3.1993
Argentina 29. 6.1988 18. 9.1990 16.12.1990
Australia 8. 6.1988 19. 5.1989 17. 8.1989
Austria 29. 8.1988 3. 5.1989 1. 8.1989
Bahamas 4. 5.1993 (Ac) 2. 8.1993
Bahrain 27. 4.1990 (Ac) 26. 7.1990
Bangladesh 2. 8.1990 (Ac) 31.10.1990
Barbados 16.10.1992 (Ac) 14. 1.1993
Belarus 22. 1.1988 31.10.1988 (At) 1. 1.1989
Belgium 16. 9.1987 30.12.1988 30. 3.1989
Botswana 4.12.1991 (Ac) 2. 3.1992
Brazil 19. 3.1990 (Ac) 17. 6.1990
Brunei Darussalam 27. 5.1993 (Ac) 25. 8.1993
Bulgaria 20.11.1990 (Ac) 20.11.1990
Burkina Faso 14. 9.1988 20. 7.1989 18.10.1989
Cameroon 30. 8.1989 (Ac) 28.11.1989
Canada 16. 9.1987 30. 6.1988 1. 1.1989
Central African
Republic 29. 3.1993 (Ac) 27. 6.1993
Chile 14. 6.1988 26. 3.1990 24. 6.1990
China 14. 6.1991 (Ac) 12. 9.1991
Congo 15. 9.1988
Costa Rica 30. 7.1991 (Ac) 28.10.1991
Côte d'Ivoire 5. 4.1993 (Ac) 4. 7.1993
Croatia 8.10.1991 (S) 8.10.1991
Cuba 14. 7.1992 (Ac) 12.10.1992
Cyprus 28. 5.1992 (Ac) 26. 8.1992
Czech Republic 1. 1.1993 (S) 1. 1.1993
Denmark* 16. 9.1987 16.12.1988 1. 1.1989
Dominica 31. 3.1993 (Ac) 29. 6.1993
Ecuador 30. 4.1990 (Ac) 29. 7.1990
Egypt 16. 9.1987 2. 8.1988 1. 1.1989
El Salvador 2.10.1992 (Ac) 31.12.1992
Fiji 23.10.1989 (Ac) 21. 1.1990
Finland 16. 9.1987 23.12.1988 1. 1.1989
France 16. 9.1987 28.12.1988 (Ap) 1. 1.1989
Gambia 25. 7.1990 (Ac) 23.10.1990
Germany 16. 9.1987 16.12.1988 1. 1.1989
Ghana 16. 9.1987 24. 7.1989 22.10.1989
Greece 29.10.1987 29.12.1988 29. 3.1989
Grenada 31. 3.1993 (Ac) 29. 6.1993
Guatemala 7.11.1989 (Ac) 5. 2.1990
Guinea 25. 6.1992 (Ac) 23. 9.1992
Hungary 20. 4.1989 (Ac) 19. 7.1989
Iceland 29. 8.1989 (Ac) 27.11.1989
India 19. 6.1992 (Ac) 17. 9.1992
Indonesia 26. 6.1992 (Ac) 24. 9.1992
Iran, Islamic
Republic of 3.10.1990 (Ac) 1. 1.1991
Ireland 15. 9.1988 16.12.1988 1. 1.1989
Israel 14. 1.1988 30. 6.1992 28. 9.1992
Italy 16. 9.1987 16.12.1988 1. 1.1989
Jamaica 31. 3.1993 (Ac) 29. 6.1993
Japan 16. 9.1987 30. 9.1988 (At) 1. 1.1989
Jordan 31. 5.1989 (Ac) 30. 8.1989
Kenya 16. 9.1987 9.11.1988 7. 2.1989
Kiribati 7. 1.1993 (Ac) 7. 4.1993
Korea, Republic of 27. 2.1992 (Ac) 27. 5.1992
Kuwait 23.11.1992 (Ac) 21. 2.1993
Lebanon 31. 3.1993 (Ac) 29. 6.1993
Libyan Arab
Jamahiriya 11. 7.1990 (Ac) 9.10.1990
Liechtenstein 8. 2.1989 (Ac) 8.10.1990
Luxembourg 29. 1.1988 17.10.1988 15.11.1989
Malawi 9. 1.1991 (Ac) 9. 4.1991
Malaysia 29. 8.1989 (Ac) 29. 8.1989
Maldives 12. 7.1988 16. 5.1989 14. 8.1989
Malta 15. 9.1988 29.12.1988 1. 1.1989
Marshall Islands 11. 3.1993 (Ac) 9. 6.1993
Mauritius 18. 8.1992 (Ac) 16.11.1992
Mexico 16. 9.1982 31. 3.1988 (Ac) 1. 1.1989
Monaco 12. 3.1993 (Ac) 10. 6.1993
Morocco 7. 1.1988
Netherlands** 16. 9.1987 16.12.1988 (At) 1.11.1989
New Zealand*** 16. 9.1987 21. 7.1988 1. 1.1989
Nicaragua 5. 3.1993 (Ac) 3. 6.1993
Niger 9.10.1992 (Ac) 7. 1.1993
Nigeria 31.10.1988 (Ac) 29. 1.1989
Norway 16. 9.1987 24. 6.1988 1. 1.1989
Pakistan 18.12.1992 (Ac) 18. 3.1993
Panama 16. 9.1987 3. 3.1989 1. 6.1989
Papua New Guinea 27.10.1992 (Ac) 25. 1.1993
Paraguay 3.12.1992 (Ac) 3. 3.1993
Peru 31. 3.1993 (Ac) 29. 6.1993
Philippines 14. 9.1988 17. 7.1991 15.10.1991
Poland 13. 7.1990 (Ac) 11.10.1990
Portugal 16. 9.1987 17.10.1988 15. 1.1989
Romania 27. 1.1993 (Ac) 27. 4.1993
Russian Federation 29.12.1987 10.11.1988 (At) 1. 1.1989
Saint Kitts and Nevis 10. 8.1992 (Ac) 8.11.1992
Samoa 21.12.1992 (Ac) 21. 3.1993
Saudi Arabia 1. 3.1993 (Ac) 30. 5.1993
Senegal 16. 9.1987 6. 5.1993 4. 8.1993
Seychelles 6. 1.1993 (Ac) 6. 4.1993
Singapore 5. 1.1989 (Ac) 5. 4.1990
Slovakia 28. 5.1993 (S) 28. 5.1993
Slovenia 6. 7.1992 (S) 6. 7.1992
Solomon Islands 17. 6.1993 (Ac) 15. 9.1993
South Africa 15. 1.1990 (Ac) 15. 4.1990
Spain 21. 7.1988 16.12.1988 1. 1.1989
Sri Lanka 15.12.1989 (Ac) 15. 3.1990
Sudan 29. 1.1993 (Ac) 29. 4.1993
Swaziland 10.11.1992 (Ac) 8. 2.1993
Sweden 16. 9.1987 29. 6.1988 1. 1.1989
Switzerland 16. 9.1987 28.12.1988 1. 1.1989
* Except for the Faeroe Islands and Greenland
** For the Kingdom in Europe, the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba.
*** The Protocol shall not apply to the Cook Islands and Niue.
Syrian Arab Republic 12.12.1989 (Ac) 12. 3.1990
Thailand 15. 9.1988 7. 7.1989 5.10.1989
Togo 16. 9.1987 25. 2.1991 25. 5.1991
Trinidad and Tobago 28. 8.1989 (Ac) 26.11.1989
Tunisia 25. 9.1989 (Ac) 24.12.1989
Turkey 20. 9.1991 (Ac) 19.12.1991
Uganda 15. 9.1988 15. 9.1988 1. 1.1989
Ukraine 18. 2.1988 20. 9.1988 (At) 1. 1.1989
United Arab
Emirates 22.12.1989 (Ac) 22. 3.1990
United Kingdom 16. 9.1987 16.12.1988 1. 1.1989
United Republic of
Tanzania 16. 4.1993 (Ac) 15. 7.1993
United States of
America 16. 9.1987 21. 4.1988 1. 1.1989
Uruguay 8. 1.1991 (Ac) 8. 4.1991
Uzbekistan 18. 5.1993 (S) 18. 5.1993
Venezuela 16. 9.1987 6. 2.1989 7. 5.1989
Yugoslavia 3. 1.1991 (Ac) 3. 4.1991
Zambia 24. 1.1990 (Ac) 24. 4.1990
Zimbabwe 3.11.1992 (Ac) 1. 2.1993
European Economic
Community 16. 9.1987 16.12.1988 (Ap) 16. 3.1989
Convention Secretariat
======================
Ozone Secretariat
United Nations Environment Programme
P.O. Box 30552, Nairobi, Kenya
Telephone: 254-2-621234
Fax: 254-2-521930/226890
Telex: 22068 UNEP KE
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Additional information and documents are available from the Ozone Secretariat. (slow link)