No summary of this treaty is available.
See the ENTRI query system for information about the status of this treaty.
INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER AGREEMENT, 1994 International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) International Organizations Center, 5th Floor Pacifico-Yokohama, 1-1-1, Minato-Mirai Nishi-ku, Yokohama 220, Japan July 1992 ------------------------------------------------------------- CONTENTS PREAMBLE CHAPTER I. OBJECTIVES 1. Objectives CHAPTER II. DEFINITIONS 2. Definitions CHAPTER III. ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION 3. Headquarters and structure of the International Tropical Timber Organization 4. Membership in the Organization 5. Membership by intergovernmental organizations CHAPTER IV. INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER COUNCIL 6. Composition of the International Tropical Timber Council 7. Powers and functions of the Council 8. Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the Council 9. Sessions of the Council 10. Distribution of votes 11. Voting procedure of the Council 12. Decisions and recommendations of the Council 13. Quorum for the Council 14. Cooperation and coordination with other organizations 15. Admission of observers 16. Executive Director and staff CHAPTER V. PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES 17. Privileges and immunities CHAPTER VI. FINANCE 18. Financial accounts 19. Administrative Account 20. Special Account 21. The Bali Partnership Fund 22. Forms of payment 23. Audit and publication of accounts CHAPTER VII. OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES 24 Policy work of the Organization 25. Project activities of the Organization 26. Establishment of Committees 27. Functions of the Committees CHAPTER VIII. RELATIONSHIP WITH THE COMMON FUND FOR COMMODITIES 28. Relationship with the Common Fund for Commodities CHAPTER IX. STATISTICS, STUDIES AND INFORMATION 29. Statistics, studies and information 30. Annual report and review CHAPTER X. Miscellaneous 31. Complaints and disputes 32. General obligations of members 33. Relief from obligations 34. Differential and remedial measures and special measures 35. Review 36. Non-discrimination CHAPTER XI. FINAL PROVISIONS 37. Depositary 38. Signature, ratification, acceptance and approval 39. Accession 40. Notification of provisional application 41. Entry into force 42. Amendments 43. WiINTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER AGREEMENT, 1994 This data access service is provided by the Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), which operates the Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC) for the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
Environmental Treaties and Resource Indicators (ENTRI) -- Full Text File
The full text of this treaty was provided by the Antarctic Cooperative Research Centre (ACRC).No summary of this treaty is available.
See the ENTRI query system for information about the status of this treaty.
See the ENTRI thematic guide for more information about the relationships between environmental treaties, national resource indicators, and remotely sensed data.
Disclaimer: ENTRI data providers make every effort to ensure the accuracy, reliability, and completeness of the texts and other information included in this collection; however, neither CIESIN nor the ENTRI data providers verify or guarantee the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of the contents of ENTRI. If you encounter an error, please notify us by e-mail to entri@ciesin.org.
INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER AGREEMENT, 1994 International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) International Organizations Center, 5th Floor Pacifico-Yokohama, 1-1-1, Minato-Mirai Nishi-ku, Yokohama 220, Japan July 1992 ------------------------------------------------------------- CONTENTS PREAMBLE CHAPTER I. OBJECTIVES 1. Objectives CHAPTER II. DEFINITIONS 2. Definitions CHAPTER III. ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION 3. Headquarters and structure of the International Tropical Timber Organization 4. Membership in the Organization 5. Membership by intergovernmental organizations CHAPTER IV. INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER COUNCIL 6. Composition of the International Tropical Timber Council 7. Powers and functions of the Council 8. Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the Council 9. Sessions of the Council 10. Distribution of votes 11. Voting procedure of the Council 12. Decisions and recommendations of the Council 13. Quorum for the Council 14. Cooperation and coordination with other organizations 15. Admission of observers 16. Executive Director and staff CHAPTER V. PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES 17. Privileges and immunities CHAPTER VI. FINANCE 18. Financial accounts 19. Administrative Account 20. Special Account 21. The Bali Partnership Fund 22. Forms of payment 23. Audit and publication of accounts CHAPTER VII. OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES 24 Policy work of the Organization 25. Project activities of the Organization 26. Establishment of Committees 27. Functions of the Committees CHAPTER VIII. RELATIONSHIP WITH THE COMMON FUND FOR COMMODITIES 28. Relationship with the Common Fund for Commodities CHAPTER IX. STATISTICS, STUDIES AND INFORMATION 29. Statistics, studies and information 30. Annual report and review CHAPTER X. Miscellaneous 31. Complaints and disputes 32. General obligations of members 33. Relief from obligations 34. Differential and remedial measures and special measures 35. Review 36. Non-discrimination CHAPTER XI. FINAL PROVISIONS 37. Depositary 38. Signature, ratification, acceptance and approval 39. Accession 40. Notification of provisional application 41. Entry into force 42. Amendments 43. Withdrawal 44. Exclusion 45. Settlement of accounts with withdrawing or excluded members or members unable to accept an amendment 46. Duration, extension and termination 47. Reservations 48. Supplementary and transitional provisions ANNEXES A. List of producing countries with tropical forest resources and/or net exporters of tropical timber in volume terms, and allocation of votes for the purposes of article 41 B. List of consuming countries and allocation of votes for the purposes of article 41. Preamble The Parties to this Agreement, Recalling the Declaration and the Programme of Action on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order; the Integrated Programme for Commodities; the New Partnership for Development: the Cartagena Commitment and the relevant objectives contained in the Spirit of Cartagena, Recalling the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983, and recognizing the work of the International Tropical Timber Organization and its achievements since its inception, including a strategy for achieving international trade in tropical timber from sustainably managed sources, Recalling further the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, the Non-Legally Binding Authoritative Statement of Principles for a Global Consensus on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of all Types of Forests, and the relevant Chapters of Agenda 21 as adopted by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in June 1992, in Rio de Janeiro; the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; and the Convention on Biological Diversity, Recognizing the importance of timber to the economies of countries with timber producing forests, Further recognizing the need to promote and apply comparable and appropriate guidelines and criteria for the management, conservation and sustainable development of all types of timber producing forests, Taking into account the linkages of tropical timber trade and the international timber market and the need for taking a global perspective in order to improve transparency in the international timber market, Noting the commitment of all members, made in Bali, Indonesia, in May 1990, to achieve exports of tropical timber products from sustainably managed sources by the year 2000 and recognizing Principle 10 of the Non-Legally Binding Authoritative Statement of Principles for a Global Consensus on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of all Types of Forests which states that new and additional financial resources should be provided to developing countries to enable them to sustainably manage, conserve and develop their forests, including through afforestation, reforestation and combating deforestation and forest and land degradation, Noting also the statement of commitment to maintain, or achieve by the year 2000, the sustainable management of their respective forests made by consuming members who are parties to the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983 at the fourth session of the United Nations Conference for the Negotiation of a successor agreement to the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983 in Geneva on the 21 January 1994, Desiring to strengthen the framework of international cooperation and policy development between members in finding solutions to the problems facing the tropical timber economy, Have agreed as follows: CHAPTER I. OBJECTIVES Article 1 Objectives Recognizing the sovereignty of members over their natural resources, as defined in Principle 1 (a) of the Non-Legally Binding Authoritative Statement of Principles for a Global Consensus on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of all Types of Forests, the objectives of the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994 (hereinafter referred to as "this Agreement") are: (a) To provide an effective framework for consultation, international cooperation and policy development among all members with regard to all relevant aspects of the world timber economy; (bINTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER AGREEMENT, 1994 This data access service is provided by the Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), which operates the Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC) for the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
Environmental Treaties and Resource Indicators (ENTRI) -- Full Text File
The full text of this treaty was provided by the Antarctic Cooperative Research Centre (ACRC).No summary of this treaty is available.
See the ENTRI query system for information about the status of this treaty.
See the ENTRI thematic guide for more information about the relationships between environmental treaties, national resource indicators, and remotely sensed data.
Disclaimer: ENTRI data providers make every effort to ensure the accuracy, reliability, and completeness of the texts and other information included in this collection; however, neither CIESIN nor the ENTRI data providers verify or guarantee the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of the contents of ENTRI. If you encounter an error, please notify us by e-mail to entri@ciesin.org.
INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER AGREEMENT, 1994 International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) International Organizations Center, 5th Floor Pacifico-Yokohama, 1-1-1, Minato-Mirai Nishi-ku, Yokohama 220, Japan July 1992 ------------------------------------------------------------- CONTENTS PREAMBLE CHAPTER I. OBJECTIVES 1. Objectives CHAPTER II. DEFINITIONS 2. Definitions CHAPTER III. ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION 3. Headquarters and structure of the International Tropical Timber Organization 4. Membership in the Organization 5. Membership by intergovernmental organizations CHAPTER IV. INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER COUNCIL 6. Composition of the International Tropical Timber Council 7. Powers and functions of the Council 8. Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the Council 9. Sessions of the Council 10. Distribution of votes 11. Voting procedure of the Council 12. Decisions and recommendations of the Council 13. Quorum for the Council 14. Cooperation and coordination with other organizations 15. Admission of observers 16. Executive Director and staff CHAPTER V. PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES 17. Privileges and immunities CHAPTER VI. FINANCE 18. Financial accounts 19. Administrative Account 20. Special Account 21. The Bali Partnership Fund 22. Forms of payment 23. Audit and publication of accounts CHAPTER VII. OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES 24 Policy work of the Organization 25. Project activities of the Organization 26. Establishment of Committees 27. Functions of the Committees CHAPTER VIII. RELATIONSHIP WITH THE COMMON FUND FOR COMMODITIES 28. Relationship with the Common Fund for Commodities CHAPTER IX. STATISTICS, STUDIES AND INFORMATION 29. Statistics, studies and information 30. Annual report and review CHAPTER X. Miscellaneous 31. Complaints and disputes 32. General obligations of members 33. Relief from obligations 34. Differential and remedial measures and special measures 35. Review 36. Non-discrimination CHAPTER XI. FINAL PROVISIONS 37. Depositary 38. Signature, ratification, acceptance and approval 39. Accession 40. Notification of provisional application 41. Entry into force 42. Amendments 43. Withdrawal 44. Exclusion 45. Settlement of accounts with withdrawing or excluded members or members unable to accept an amendment 46. Duration, extension and termination 47. Reservations 48. Supplementary and transitional provisions ANNEXES A. List of producing countries with tropical forest resources and/or net exporters of tropical timber in volume terms, and allocation of votes for the purposes of article 41 B. List of consuming countries and allocation of votes for the purposes of article 41. Preamble The Parties to this Agreement, Recalling the Declaration and the Programme of Action on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order; the Integrated Programme for Commodities; the New Partnership for Development: the Cartagena Commitment and the relevant objectives contained in the Spirit of Cartagena, Recalling the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983, and recognizing the work of the International Tropical Timber Organization and its achievements since its inception, including a strategy for achieving international trade in tropical timber from sustainably managed sources, Recalling further the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, the Non-Legally Binding Authoritative Statement of Principles for a Global Consensus on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of all Types of Forests, and the relevant Chapters of Agenda 21 as adopted by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in June 1992, in Rio de Janeiro; the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; and the Convention on Biological Diversity, Recognizing the importance of timber to the economies of countries with timber producing forests, Further recognizing the need to promote and apply comparable and appropriate guidelines and criteria for the management, conservation and sustainable development of all types of timber producing forests, Taking into account the linkages of tropical timber trade and the international timber market and the need for taking a global perspective in order to improve transparency in the international timber market, Noting the commitment of all members, made in Bali, Indonesia, in May 1990, to achieve exports of tropical timber products from sustainably managed sources by the year 2000 and recognizing Principle 10 of the Non-Legally Binding Authoritative Statement of Principles for a Global Consensus on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of all Types of Forests which states that new and additional financial resources should be provided to developing countries to enable them to sustainably manage, conserve and develop their forests, including through afforestation, reforestation and combating deforestation and forest and land degradation, Noting also the statement of commitment to maintain, or achieve by the year 2000, the sustainable management of their respective forests made by consuming members who are parties to the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983 at the fourth session of the United Nations Conference for the Negotiation of a successor agreement to the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983 in Geneva on the 21 January 1994, Desiring to strengthen the framework of international cooperation and policy development between members in finding solutions to the problems facing the tropical timber economy, Have agreed as follows: CHAPTER I. OBJECTIVES Article 1 Objectives Recognizing the sovereignty of members over their natural resources, as defined in Principle 1 (a) of the Non-Legally Binding Authoritative Statement of Principles for a Global Consensus on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of all Types of Forests, the objectives of the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994 (hereinafter referred to as "this Agreement") are: (a) To provide an effective framework for consultation, international cooperation and policy development among all members with regard to all relevant aspects of the world timber economy; (b) To provide a forum for consultation to promote non- discriminatory timber trade practices; (c) To contribute to the process of sustainable development; (d) To enhance the capacity of members to implement a strategy for achieving exports of tropical timber and timber products from sustainably managed sources by the year 2000; (e) To promote the expansion and diversification of international trade in tropical timber from sustainable sources by improving the structural conditions in international markets, by taking into account, on the one hand, a long term increase in consumption and continuity of supplies, and, on the other, prices which reflect the costs of sustainable forest management and which are remunerative and equitable for members, and the improvement of market access; (f) To promote and support research and development with a view to improving forest management and efficiency of wood utilization as well as increasing the capacity to conserve and enhance other forest values in timber producing tropical forests; (g) To develop and contribute towards mechanisms for the provision of new and additional financial resources and expertise needed to enhance the capacity of producing members to attain the objectives of this Agreement; (h) To improve market intelligence with a view to ensuring greater transparency in the international timber market, including the gathering, compilation, and dissemination of trade related data, including data related to species being traded; (i) To promote increased and further processing of tropical timber from sustainable sources in producing member countries with a view to promoting their industrialization and thereby increasing their employment opportunities and export earnings; (j) To encourage members to support and develop industrial tropical timber reforestation and forest management activities as well as rehabilitation of degraded forest land, with due regard for the interests of local communities dependent on forest resourc es; (k) To improve marketing and distribution of tropical timber exports from sustainably managed sources; (l) To encourage members to develop national policies aimed at sustainable utilization and conservation of timber producing forests and their genetic resources and at maintaining the ecological balance in the regions concerned, in the context of tropical timber trade; (m) To promote the access to, and transfer of, technologies and technical cooperation to implement the objectives of this Agreement, including on concessional and preferential terms and conditions, as mutually agreed; and (n) To encourage information-sharing on the international timber market. CHAPTER II. DEFINITIONS Article 2 Definitions For the purposes of this Agreement: (1) "Tropical timber" means non-coniferous tropical wood for industrial uses, which grows or is produced in the countries situated between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. The term covers logs, sawn wood, veneer sheets and plywood. Plywood which includes in some measure conifers of tropical origin shall also be covered by this definition; (2) "Further processing" means the transformation of logs into primary wood products, semi-finished and finished products made wholly or almost wholly of tropical timber; (3) "Member" means a Government or an intergovernmental organization referred to in article 5 which has consented to be bound by this Agreement whether it is in force provisionally or definitively; (4) "Producing member" means any country with tropical forest resources and/or a net exporter of tropical timber in volume terms which is listed in annex A and which becomes a party to this Agreement, or any country with tropical forest resources and/or a net exporter of tropical timber in volume terms which is not so listed and which becomes a party to this Agreement and which the Council, with the consent of that country, declares to be a producing member; (5) "Consuming member" means any country listed in annex B which becomes aINTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER AGREEMENT, 1994 This data access service is provided by the Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), which operates the Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC) for the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
Environmental Treaties and Resource Indicators (ENTRI) -- Full Text File
The full text of this treaty was provided by the Antarctic Cooperative Research Centre (ACRC).No summary of this treaty is available.
See the ENTRI query system for information about the status of this treaty.
See the ENTRI thematic guide for more information about the relationships between environmental treaties, national resource indicators, and remotely sensed data.
Disclaimer: ENTRI data providers make every effort to ensure the accuracy, reliability, and completeness of the texts and other information included in this collection; however, neither CIESIN nor the ENTRI data providers verify or guarantee the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of the contents of ENTRI. If you encounter an error, please notify us by e-mail to entri@ciesin.org.
INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER AGREEMENT, 1994 International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) International Organizations Center, 5th Floor Pacifico-Yokohama, 1-1-1, Minato-Mirai Nishi-ku, Yokohama 220, Japan July 1992 ------------------------------------------------------------- CONTENTS PREAMBLE CHAPTER I. OBJECTIVES 1. Objectives CHAPTER II. DEFINITIONS 2. Definitions CHAPTER III. ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION 3. Headquarters and structure of the International Tropical Timber Organization 4. Membership in the Organization 5. Membership by intergovernmental organizations CHAPTER IV. INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER COUNCIL 6. Composition of the International Tropical Timber Council 7. Powers and functions of the Council 8. Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the Council 9. Sessions of the Council 10. Distribution of votes 11. Voting procedure of the Council 12. Decisions and recommendations of the Council 13. Quorum for the Council 14. Cooperation and coordination with other organizations 15. Admission of observers 16. Executive Director and staff CHAPTER V. PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES 17. Privileges and immunities CHAPTER VI. FINANCE 18. Financial accounts 19. Administrative Account 20. Special Account 21. The Bali Partnership Fund 22. Forms of payment 23. Audit and publication of accounts CHAPTER VII. OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES 24 Policy work of the Organization 25. Project activities of the Organization 26. Establishment of Committees 27. Functions of the Committees CHAPTER VIII. RELATIONSHIP WITH THE COMMON FUND FOR COMMODITIES 28. Relationship with the Common Fund for Commodities CHAPTER IX. STATISTICS, STUDIES AND INFORMATION 29. Statistics, studies and information 30. Annual report and review CHAPTER X. Miscellaneous 31. Complaints and disputes 32. General obligations of members 33. Relief from obligations 34. Differential and remedial measures and special measures 35. Review 36. Non-discrimination CHAPTER XI. FINAL PROVISIONS 37. Depositary 38. Signature, ratification, acceptance and approval 39. Accession 40. Notification of provisional application 41. Entry into force 42. Amendments 43. Withdrawal 44. Exclusion 45. Settlement of accounts with withdrawing or excluded members or members unable to accept an amendment 46. Duration, extension and termination 47. Reservations 48. Supplementary and transitional provisions ANNEXES A. List of producing countries with tropical forest resources and/or net exporters of tropical timber in volume terms, and allocation of votes for the purposes of article 41 B. List of consuming countries and allocation of votes for the purposes of article 41. Preamble The Parties to this Agreement, Recalling the Declaration and the Programme of Action on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order; the Integrated Programme for Commodities; the New Partnership for Development: the Cartagena Commitment and the relevant objectives contained in the Spirit of Cartagena, Recalling the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983, and recognizing the work of the International Tropical Timber Organization and its achievements since its inception, including a strategy for achieving international trade in tropical timber from sustainably managed sources, Recalling further the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, the Non-Legally Binding Authoritative Statement of Principles for a Global Consensus on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of all Types of Forests, and the relevant Chapters of Agenda 21 as adopted by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in June 1992, in Rio de Janeiro; the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; and the Convention on Biological Diversity, Recognizing the importance of timber to the economies of countries with timber producing forests, Further recognizing the need to promote and apply comparable and appropriate guidelines and criteria for the management, conservation and sustainable development of all types of timber producing forests, Taking into account the linkages of tropical timber trade and the international timber market and the need for taking a global perspective in order to improve transparency in the international timber market, Noting the commitment of all members, made in Bali, Indonesia, in May 1990, to achieve exports of tropical timber products from sustainably managed sources by the year 2000 and recognizing Principle 10 of the Non-Legally Binding Authoritative Statement of Principles for a Global Consensus on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of all Types of Forests which states that new and additional financial resources should be provided to developing countries to enable them to sustainably manage, conserve and develop their forests, including through afforestation, reforestation and combating deforestation and forest and land degradation, Noting also the statement of commitment to maintain, or achieve by the year 2000, the sustainable management of their respective forests made by consuming members who are parties to the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983 at the fourth session of the United Nations Conference for the Negotiation of a successor agreement to the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983 in Geneva on the 21 January 1994, Desiring to strengthen the framework of international cooperation and policy development between members in finding solutions to the problems facing the tropical timber economy, Have agreed as follows: CHAPTER I. OBJECTIVES Article 1 Objectives Recognizing the sovereignty of members over their natural resources, as defined in Principle 1 (a) of the Non-Legally Binding Authoritative Statement of Principles for a Global Consensus on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of all Types of Forests, the objectives of the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994 (hereinafter referred to as "this Agreement") are: (a) To provide an effective framework for consultation, international cooperation and policy development among all members with regard to all relevant aspects of the world timber economy; (b) To provide a forum for consultation to promote non- discriminatory timber trade practices; (c) To contribute to the process of sustainable development; (d) To enhance the capacity of members to implement a strategy for achieving exports of tropical timber and timber products from sustainably managed sources by the year 2000; (e) To promote the expansion and diversification of international trade in tropical timber from sustainable sources by improving the structural conditions in international markets, by taking into account, on the one hand, a long term increase in consumption and continuity of supplies, and, on the other, prices which reflect the costs of sustainable forest management and which are remunerative and equitable for members, and the improvement of market access; (f) To promote and support research and development with a view to improving forest management and efficiency of wood utilization as well as increasing the capacity to conserve and enhance other forest values in timber producing tropical forests; (g) To develop and contribute towards mechanisms for the provision of new and additional financial resources and expertise needed to enhance the capacity of producing members to attain the objectives of this Agreement; (h) To improve market intelligence with a view to ensuring greater transparency in the international timber market, including the gathering, compilation, and dissemination of trade related data, including data related to species being traded; (i) To promote increased and further processing of tropical timber from sustainable sources in producing member countries with a view to promoting their industrialization and thereby increasing their employment opportunities and export earnings; (j) To encourage members to support and develop industrial tropical timber reforestation and forest management activities as well as rehabilitation of degraded forest land, with due regard for the interests of local communities dependent on forest resourc es; (k) To improve marketing and distribution of tropical timber exports from sustainably managed sources; (l) To encourage members to develop national policies aimed at sustainable utilization and conservation of timber producing forests and their genetic resources and at maintaining the ecological balance in the regions concerned, in the context of tropical timber trade; (m) To promote the access to, and transfer of, technologies and technical cooperation to implement the objectives of this Agreement, including on concessional and preferential terms and conditions, as mutually agreed; and (n) To encourage information-sharing on the international timber market. CHAPTER II. DEFINITIONS Article 2 Definitions For the purposes of this Agreement: (1) "Tropical timber" means non-coniferous tropical wood for industrial uses, which grows or is produced in the countries situated between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. The term covers logs, sawn wood, veneer sheets and plywood. Plywood which includes in some measure conifers of tropical origin shall also be covered by this definition; (2) "Further processing" means the transformation of logs into primary wood products, semi-finished and finished products made wholly or almost wholly of tropical timber; (3) "Member" means a Government or an intergovernmental organization referred to in article 5 which has consented to be bound by this Agreement whether it is in force provisionally or definitively; (4) "Producing member" means any country with tropical forest resources and/or a net exporter of tropical timber in volume terms which is listed in annex A and which becomes a party to this Agreement, or any country with tropical forest resources and/or a net exporter of tropical timber in volume terms which is not so listed and which becomes a party to this Agreement and which the Council, with the consent of that country, declares to be a producing member; (5) "Consuming member" means any country listed in annex B which becomes a party to this Agreement, or any country not so listed which becomes a party to this Agreement and which the Council, with the consent of that country, declares to be a consuming member; (6) "Organization" means the International Tropical Timber Organization established in accordance with article 3; (7) "Council" means the International Tropical Timber Council established in accordance with article 6; (8) "Special vote" means a vote requiring a least two thirds of the votes cast by producing members present and voting and at least 60 per cent of the votes cast by consuming members present and voting, counted separately, on condition that these votes are cast by at least half of the producing members present and voting and at least half of the consuming members present and voting; (9) "Simple distributed majority vote" means a vote requiring more than half of the votes cast by producing members present and voting and more than half of the votes cast by consuming members present and voting, counted separately; (10) "Financial year" means the period from 1 January to 31 December inclusive; (11) "Freely usable currencies" means the deutsche mark , the French franc, the Japanese yen, the pound sterling, the United States dollar and any other currency which has been designated from time to time by a competent international monetary organization as being in fact widely used to make payments for international transactions and widely traded in the principal exchange markets. CHAPTER III. ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION Article 3 Headquarters and structure of the International Tropical Timber Organization 1. The International Tropical Timber Organization established by the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983 shall continue in being for the purposes of administering the provisions and supervising the operation of this Agreement. 2. The Organization shall function through the Council established under article 6, the committees and other subsidiary bodies referred to in article 26 and the Executive Director and staff. 3. The headquarters of the Organization shall be in Yokohama, unless the Council, by special vote, decides otherwise. 4. The headquarters of the Organization shall at all times be located in the territory of a member. Article 4 Membership in the Organization There shall be two categories of membership in the Organization, namely: (a) Producing; and (b) Consuming. Article 5 Membership by intergovernmental organizations 1. Any reference in this Agreement to "Governments" shall be construed as including the European Community and any other intergovernmental organization having responsibilities in respect of the negotiation, conclusion and application of international agreements, in particular commodity agreements. Accordingly, any reference in this Agreement to signature, ratification, acceptance or approval, or to notification of provisional application, or to accession shall, in the case of such intergovernmental organizations, be construed as including a reference to signature, ratification, acceptance or approval, or to notification of provisional application, or to accession, by such intergovernmental organizations. 2. In the case of voting on matters within their competence, such intergovernmental organizations shall vote with a number of votes equal to the total number of votes attributable to their member States in accordance with article 10. In such cases, the member States of such intergovernmental organizations shall not be entitled to exercise their individual voting rights. CHAPTER IV. INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER COUNCIL Article 6 Composition of the International Tropical Timber Council 1. The highest authority of the Organization shall be the International Tropical Timber Council, which shall consist of all the members of the Organization. 2. Each member shall be represented in the Council by one representative and may designate alternates and advisers to attend sessions of the Council. 3. An alternate representativeINTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER AGREEMENT, 1994 This data access service is provided by the Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), which operates the Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC) for the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
Environmental Treaties and Resource Indicators (ENTRI) -- Full Text File
The full text of this treaty was provided by the Antarctic Cooperative Research Centre (ACRC).No summary of this treaty is available.
See the ENTRI query system for information about the status of this treaty.
See the ENTRI thematic guide for more information about the relationships between environmental treaties, national resource indicators, and remotely sensed data.
Disclaimer: ENTRI data providers make every effort to ensure the accuracy, reliability, and completeness of the texts and other information included in this collection; however, neither CIESIN nor the ENTRI data providers verify or guarantee the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of the contents of ENTRI. If you encounter an error, please notify us by e-mail to entri@ciesin.org.
INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER AGREEMENT, 1994 International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) International Organizations Center, 5th Floor Pacifico-Yokohama, 1-1-1, Minato-Mirai Nishi-ku, Yokohama 220, Japan July 1992 ------------------------------------------------------------- CONTENTS PREAMBLE CHAPTER I. OBJECTIVES 1. Objectives CHAPTER II. DEFINITIONS 2. Definitions CHAPTER III. ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION 3. Headquarters and structure of the International Tropical Timber Organization 4. Membership in the Organization 5. Membership by intergovernmental organizations CHAPTER IV. INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER COUNCIL 6. Composition of the International Tropical Timber Council 7. Powers and functions of the Council 8. Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the Council 9. Sessions of the Council 10. Distribution of votes 11. Voting procedure of the Council 12. Decisions and recommendations of the Council 13. Quorum for the Council 14. Cooperation and coordination with other organizations 15. Admission of observers 16. Executive Director and staff CHAPTER V. PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES 17. Privileges and immunities CHAPTER VI. FINANCE 18. Financial accounts 19. Administrative Account 20. Special Account 21. The Bali Partnership Fund 22. Forms of payment 23. Audit and publication of accounts CHAPTER VII. OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES 24 Policy work of the Organization 25. Project activities of the Organization 26. Establishment of Committees 27. Functions of the Committees CHAPTER VIII. RELATIONSHIP WITH THE COMMON FUND FOR COMMODITIES 28. Relationship with the Common Fund for Commodities CHAPTER IX. STATISTICS, STUDIES AND INFORMATION 29. Statistics, studies and information 30. Annual report and review CHAPTER X. Miscellaneous 31. Complaints and disputes 32. General obligations of members 33. Relief from obligations 34. Differential and remedial measures and special measures 35. Review 36. Non-discrimination CHAPTER XI. FINAL PROVISIONS 37. Depositary 38. Signature, ratification, acceptance and approval 39. Accession 40. Notification of provisional application 41. Entry into force 42. Amendments 43. Withdrawal 44. Exclusion 45. Settlement of accounts with withdrawing or excluded members or members unable to accept an amendment 46. Duration, extension and termination 47. Reservations 48. Supplementary and transitional provisions ANNEXES A. List of producing countries with tropical forest resources and/or net exporters of tropical timber in volume terms, and allocation of votes for the purposes of article 41 B. List of consuming countries and allocation of votes for the purposes of article 41. Preamble The Parties to this Agreement, Recalling the Declaration and the Programme of Action on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order; the Integrated Programme for Commodities; the New Partnership for Development: the Cartagena Commitment and the relevant objectives contained in the Spirit of Cartagena, Recalling the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983, and recognizing the work of the International Tropical Timber Organization and its achievements since its inception, including a strategy for achieving international trade in tropical timber from sustainably managed sources, Recalling further the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, the Non-Legally Binding Authoritative Statement of Principles for a Global Consensus on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of all Types of Forests, and the relevant Chapters of Agenda 21 as adopted by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in June 1992, in Rio de Janeiro; the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; and the Convention on Biological Diversity, Recognizing the importance of timber to the economies of countries with timber producing forests, Further recognizing the need to promote and apply comparable and appropriate guidelines and criteria for the management, conservation and sustainable development of all types of timber producing forests, Taking into account the linkages of tropical timber trade and the international timber market and the need for taking a global perspective in order to improve transparency in the international timber market, Noting the commitment of all members, made in Bali, Indonesia, in May 1990, to achieve exports of tropical timber products from sustainably managed sources by the year 2000 and recognizing Principle 10 of the Non-Legally Binding Authoritative Statement of Principles for a Global Consensus on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of all Types of Forests which states that new and additional financial resources should be provided to developing countries to enable them to sustainably manage, conserve and develop their forests, including through afforestation, reforestation and combating deforestation and forest and land degradation, Noting also the statement of commitment to maintain, or achieve by the year 2000, the sustainable management of their respective forests made by consuming members who are parties to the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983 at the fourth session of the United Nations Conference for the Negotiation of a successor agreement to the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983 in Geneva on the 21 January 1994, Desiring to strengthen the framework of international cooperation and policy development between members in finding solutions to the problems facing the tropical timber economy, Have agreed as follows: CHAPTER I. OBJECTIVES Article 1 Objectives Recognizing the sovereignty of members over their natural resources, as defined in Principle 1 (a) of the Non-Legally Binding Authoritative Statement of Principles for a Global Consensus on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of all Types of Forests, the objectives of the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994 (hereinafter referred to as "this Agreement") are: (a) To provide an effective framework for consultation, international cooperation and policy development among all members with regard to all relevant aspects of the world timber economy; (b) To provide a forum for consultation to promote non- discriminatory timber trade practices; (c) To contribute to the process of sustainable development; (d) To enhance the capacity of members to implement a strategy for achieving exports of tropical timber and timber products from sustainably managed sources by the year 2000; (e) To promote the expansion and diversification of international trade in tropical timber from sustainable sources by improving the structural conditions in international markets, by taking into account, on the one hand, a long term increase in consumption and continuity of supplies, and, on the other, prices which reflect the costs of sustainable forest management and which are remunerative and equitable for members, and the improvement of market access; (f) To promote and support research and development with a view to improving forest management and efficiency of wood utilization as well as increasing the capacity to conserve and enhance other forest values in timber producing tropical forests; (g) To develop and contribute towards mechanisms for the provision of new and additional financial resources and expertise needed to enhance the capacity of producing members to attain the objectives of this Agreement; (h) To improve market intelligence with a view to ensuring greater transparency in the international timber market, including the gathering, compilation, and dissemination of trade related data, including data related to species being traded; (i) To promote increased and further processing of tropical timber from sustainable sources in producing member countries with a view to promoting their industrialization and thereby increasing their employment opportunities and export earnings; (j) To encourage members to support and develop industrial tropical timber reforestation and forest management activities as well as rehabilitation of degraded forest land, with due regard for the interests of local communities dependent on forest resourc es; (k) To improve marketing and distribution of tropical timber exports from sustainably managed sources; (l) To encourage members to develop national policies aimed at sustainable utilization and conservation of timber producing forests and their genetic resources and at maintaining the ecological balance in the regions concerned, in the context of tropical timber trade; (m) To promote the access to, and transfer of, technologies and technical cooperation to implement the objectives of this Agreement, including on concessional and preferential terms and conditions, as mutually agreed; and (n) To encourage information-sharing on the international timber market. CHAPTER II. DEFINITIONS Article 2 Definitions For the purposes of this Agreement: (1) "Tropical timber" means non-coniferous tropical wood for industrial uses, which grows or is produced in the countries situated between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. The term covers logs, sawn wood, veneer sheets and plywood. Plywood which includes in some measure conifers of tropical origin shall also be covered by this definition; (2) "Further processing" means the transformation of logs into primary wood products, semi-finished and finished products made wholly or almost wholly of tropical timber; (3) "Member" means a Government or an intergovernmental organization referred to in article 5 which has consented to be bound by this Agreement whether it is in force provisionally or definitively; (4) "Producing member" means any country with tropical forest resources and/or a net exporter of tropical timber in volume terms which is listed in annex A and which becomes a party to this Agreement, or any country with tropical forest resources and/or a net exporter of tropical timber in volume terms which is not so listed and which becomes a party to this Agreement and which the Council, with the consent of that country, declares to be a producing member; (5) "Consuming member" means any country listed in annex B which becomes a party to this Agreement, or any country not so listed which becomes a party to this Agreement and which the Council, with the consent of that country, declares to be a consuming member; (6) "Organization" means the International Tropical Timber Organization established in accordance with article 3; (7) "Council" means the International Tropical Timber Council established in accordance with article 6; (8) "Special vote" means a vote requiring a least two thirds of the votes cast by producing members present and voting and at least 60 per cent of the votes cast by consuming members present and voting, counted separately, on condition that these votes are cast by at least half of the producing members present and voting and at least half of the consuming members present and voting; (9) "Simple distributed majority vote" means a vote requiring more than half of the votes cast by producing members present and voting and more than half of the votes cast by consuming members present and voting, counted separately; (10) "Financial year" means the period from 1 January to 31 December inclusive; (11) "Freely usable currencies" means the deutsche mark , the French franc, the Japanese yen, the pound sterling, the United States dollar and any other currency which has been designated from time to time by a competent international monetary organization as being in fact widely used to make payments for international transactions and widely traded in the principal exchange markets. CHAPTER III. ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION Article 3 Headquarters and structure of the International Tropical Timber Organization 1. The International Tropical Timber Organization established by the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983 shall continue in being for the purposes of administering the provisions and supervising the operation of this Agreement. 2. The Organization shall function through the Council established under article 6, the committees and other subsidiary bodies referred to in article 26 and the Executive Director and staff. 3. The headquarters of the Organization shall be in Yokohama, unless the Council, by special vote, decides otherwise. 4. The headquarters of the Organization shall at all times be located in the territory of a member. Article 4 Membership in the Organization There shall be two categories of membership in the Organization, namely: (a) Producing; and (b) Consuming. Article 5 Membership by intergovernmental organizations 1. Any reference in this Agreement to "Governments" shall be construed as including the European Community and any other intergovernmental organization having responsibilities in respect of the negotiation, conclusion and application of international agreements, in particular commodity agreements. Accordingly, any reference in this Agreement to signature, ratification, acceptance or approval, or to notification of provisional application, or to accession shall, in the case of such intergovernmental organizations, be construed as including a reference to signature, ratification, acceptance or approval, or to notification of provisional application, or to accession, by such intergovernmental organizations. 2. In the case of voting on matters within their competence, such intergovernmental organizations shall vote with a number of votes equal to the total number of votes attributable to their member States in accordance with article 10. In such cases, the member States of such intergovernmental organizations shall not be entitled to exercise their individual voting rights. CHAPTER IV. INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER COUNCIL Article 6 Composition of the International Tropical Timber Council 1. The highest authority of the Organization shall be the International Tropical Timber Council, which shall consist of all the members of the Organization. 2. Each member shall be represented in the Council by one representative and may designate alternates and advisers to attend sessions of the Council. 3. An alternate representative shall be empowered to act and vote on behalf of the representative during the latter's absence or in special circumstances. Article 7 Powers and functions of the Council 1. The Council shall exercise all such powers and perform or arrange for the performance of all such functions as are necessary to carry out the provisions of this Agreement. 2. The Council shall, by special vote, adopt such rules and regulations as are necessary to carry out the provisions of this Agreement and as are consistent therewith, including its own rules of procedure and the financial rules and staff regulations of the Organization. Such financial rules regulations shall, inter alia, govern the receipt and expenditure of funds under the Administrative Account, the Special Account and the Bali Partnership Fund. The Council may, in its rules of procedure, provide for a procedure whereby it may, without meeting, decide specific questions. 3. The Council shall keep such records as are required for the performance of its functions under this Agreement. Article 8 Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the Council 1. The Council shall elect for each calendar year a Chairman and a Vice-Chairman, whose salaries shall not be paid by the Organization. 2. The Chairman and the Vice-Chairman shall be elected, one from among the representatives of producing members and the other from among the representatives of consuming members. These offices shall alternate each year between the two categories of members, provided, however, that this shall not prohibit the re-election of either or both, under exceptional circumstances, by special vote of the Council. 3. In the temporary absence of the Chairman, the Vice- Chairman shall act in his place. In the temporary absence of both the Chairman and the Vice-Chairman, or in the absence of one or both of them for the rest of the term for which they were elected, the Council may elect new officers from among the representatives of the producing members and/or from among the representatives of the consuming members, as the case may be, on a temporary basis or for the rest of the term for which the predecessor or predecessors were elected. Article 9 Sessions of the Council 1. As a general rule, the Council shall hold at least one regular session a year. 2. The Council shall meet in special session whenever it so decides or at the request of: (a) The Executive Director, in agreement with the Chairman of the Council; or (b) A majority of producing members or a majority of consuming members; or (c) Members holding at least 500 votes. 3. Sessions of the Council shall be held at the headquarters of the Organization unless the Council, by special vote, decides otherwise. If on the invitation of any member the Council meets elsewhere than at the headquarters of the Organization, that member shall pay the additional cost of holding the meeting away from headquarters. 4. Notice of any sessions and the agenda for such sessions shall be communicated to members by the Executive Director at least six weeks in advance, except in cases of emergency, when notice shall be communicated at least seven days in advance. Article 10 Distribution of votes 1. The producing members shall together hold 1,000 votes and the consuming members shall together hold 1,000 votes. 2. The votes of the producing members shall be distributed as follows: (a) Four hundred votes shall be distributed equally among the three producing regions of Africa, Asia-Pacific and Latin America. The votes thus allocated to each of these regions shall then be distributed equally among the producing members of that region; (b) Three hundred votes shall be distributed among the producing members in accordance with their respective shares of the total tropical forest resources of all producing members; and (c) Three hundred votes shall be distributed among the producing members in proportion to the average of the values of their respective net exports of tropical timber during the most recent three-year periodINTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER AGREEMENT, 1994 This data access service is provided by the Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), which operates the Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC) for the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
Environmental Treaties and Resource Indicators (ENTRI) -- Full Text File
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INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER AGREEMENT, 1994 International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) International Organizations Center, 5th Floor Pacifico-Yokohama, 1-1-1, Minato-Mirai Nishi-ku, Yokohama 220, Japan July 1992 ------------------------------------------------------------- CONTENTS PREAMBLE CHAPTER I. OBJECTIVES 1. Objectives CHAPTER II. DEFINITIONS 2. Definitions CHAPTER III. ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION 3. Headquarters and structure of the International Tropical Timber Organization 4. Membership in the Organization 5. Membership by intergovernmental organizations CHAPTER IV. INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER COUNCIL 6. Composition of the International Tropical Timber Council 7. Powers and functions of the Council 8. Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the Council 9. Sessions of the Council 10. Distribution of votes 11. Voting procedure of the Council 12. Decisions and recommendations of the Council 13. Quorum for the Council 14. Cooperation and coordination with other organizations 15. Admission of observers 16. Executive Director and staff CHAPTER V. PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES 17. Privileges and immunities CHAPTER VI. FINANCE 18. Financial accounts 19. Administrative Account 20. Special Account 21. The Bali Partnership Fund 22. Forms of payment 23. Audit and publication of accounts CHAPTER VII. OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES 24 Policy work of the Organization 25. Project activities of the Organization 26. Establishment of Committees 27. Functions of the Committees CHAPTER VIII. RELATIONSHIP WITH THE COMMON FUND FOR COMMODITIES 28. Relationship with the Common Fund for Commodities CHAPTER IX. STATISTICS, STUDIES AND INFORMATION 29. Statistics, studies and information 30. Annual report and review CHAPTER X. Miscellaneous 31. Complaints and disputes 32. General obligations of members 33. Relief from obligations 34. Differential and remedial measures and special measures 35. Review 36. Non-discrimination CHAPTER XI. FINAL PROVISIONS 37. Depositary 38. Signature, ratification, acceptance and approval 39. Accession 40. Notification of provisional application 41. Entry into force 42. Amendments 43. Withdrawal 44. Exclusion 45. Settlement of accounts with withdrawing or excluded members or members unable to accept an amendment 46. Duration, extension and termination 47. Reservations 48. Supplementary and transitional provisions ANNEXES A. List of producing countries with tropical forest resources and/or net exporters of tropical timber in volume terms, and allocation of votes for the purposes of article 41 B. List of consuming countries and allocation of votes for the purposes of article 41. Preamble The Parties to this Agreement, Recalling the Declaration and the Programme of Action on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order; the Integrated Programme for Commodities; the New Partnership for Development: the Cartagena Commitment and the relevant objectives contained in the Spirit of Cartagena, Recalling the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983, and recognizing the work of the International Tropical Timber Organization and its achievements since its inception, including a strategy for achieving international trade in tropical timber from sustainably managed sources, Recalling further the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, the Non-Legally Binding Authoritative Statement of Principles for a Global Consensus on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of all Types of Forests, and the relevant Chapters of Agenda 21 as adopted by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in June 1992, in Rio de Janeiro; the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; and the Convention on Biological Diversity, Recognizing the importance of timber to the economies of countries with timber producing forests, Further recognizing the need to promote and apply comparable and appropriate guidelines and criteria for the management, conservation and sustainable development of all types of timber producing forests, Taking into account the linkages of tropical timber trade and the international timber market and the need for taking a global perspective in order to improve transparency in the international timber market, Noting the commitment of all members, made in Bali, Indonesia, in May 1990, to achieve exports of tropical timber products from sustainably managed sources by the year 2000 and recognizing Principle 10 of the Non-Legally Binding Authoritative Statement of Principles for a Global Consensus on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of all Types of Forests which states that new and additional financial resources should be provided to developing countries to enable them to sustainably manage, conserve and develop their forests, including through afforestation, reforestation and combating deforestation and forest and land degradation, Noting also the statement of commitment to maintain, or achieve by the year 2000, the sustainable management of their respective forests made by consuming members who are parties to the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983 at the fourth session of the United Nations Conference for the Negotiation of a successor agreement to the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983 in Geneva on the 21 January 1994, Desiring to strengthen the framework of international cooperation and policy development between members in finding solutions to the problems facing the tropical timber economy, Have agreed as follows: CHAPTER I. OBJECTIVES Article 1 Objectives Recognizing the sovereignty of members over their natural resources, as defined in Principle 1 (a) of the Non-Legally Binding Authoritative Statement of Principles for a Global Consensus on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of all Types of Forests, the objectives of the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994 (hereinafter referred to as "this Agreement") are: (a) To provide an effective framework for consultation, international cooperation and policy development among all members with regard to all relevant aspects of the world timber economy; (b) To provide a forum for consultation to promote non- discriminatory timber trade practices; (c) To contribute to the process of sustainable development; (d) To enhance the capacity of members to implement a strategy for achieving exports of tropical timber and timber products from sustainably managed sources by the year 2000; (e) To promote the expansion and diversification of international trade in tropical timber from sustainable sources by improving the structural conditions in international markets, by taking into account, on the one hand, a long term increase in consumption and continuity of supplies, and, on the other, prices which reflect the costs of sustainable forest management and which are remunerative and equitable for members, and the improvement of market access; (f) To promote and support research and development with a view to improving forest management and efficiency of wood utilization as well as increasing the capacity to conserve and enhance other forest values in timber producing tropical forests; (g) To develop and contribute towards mechanisms for the provision of new and additional financial resources and expertise needed to enhance the capacity of producing members to attain the objectives of this Agreement; (h) To improve market intelligence with a view to ensuring greater transparency in the international timber market, including the gathering, compilation, and dissemination of trade related data, including data related to species being traded; (i) To promote increased and further processing of tropical timber from sustainable sources in producing member countries with a view to promoting their industrialization and thereby increasing their employment opportunities and export earnings; (j) To encourage members to support and develop industrial tropical timber reforestation and forest management activities as well as rehabilitation of degraded forest land, with due regard for the interests of local communities dependent on forest resourc es; (k) To improve marketing and distribution of tropical timber exports from sustainably managed sources; (l) To encourage members to develop national policies aimed at sustainable utilization and conservation of timber producing forests and their genetic resources and at maintaining the ecological balance in the regions concerned, in the context of tropical timber trade; (m) To promote the access to, and transfer of, technologies and technical cooperation to implement the objectives of this Agreement, including on concessional and preferential terms and conditions, as mutually agreed; and (n) To encourage information-sharing on the international timber market. CHAPTER II. DEFINITIONS Article 2 Definitions For the purposes of this Agreement: (1) "Tropical timber" means non-coniferous tropical wood for industrial uses, which grows or is produced in the countries situated between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. The term covers logs, sawn wood, veneer sheets and plywood. Plywood which includes in some measure conifers of tropical origin shall also be covered by this definition; (2) "Further processing" means the transformation of logs into primary wood products, semi-finished and finished products made wholly or almost wholly of tropical timber; (3) "Member" means a Government or an intergovernmental organization referred to in article 5 which has consented to be bound by this Agreement whether it is in force provisionally or definitively; (4) "Producing member" means any country with tropical forest resources and/or a net exporter of tropical timber in volume terms which is listed in annex A and which becomes a party to this Agreement, or any country with tropical forest resources and/or a net exporter of tropical timber in volume terms which is not so listed and which becomes a party to this Agreement and which the Council, with the consent of that country, declares to be a producing member; (5) "Consuming member" means any country listed in annex B which becomes a party to this Agreement, or any country not so listed which becomes a party to this Agreement and which the Council, with the consent of that country, declares to be a consuming member; (6) "Organization" means the International Tropical Timber Organization established in accordance with article 3; (7) "Council" means the International Tropical Timber Council established in accordance with article 6; (8) "Special vote" means a vote requiring a least two thirds of the votes cast by producing members present and voting and at least 60 per cent of the votes cast by consuming members present and voting, counted separately, on condition that these votes are cast by at least half of the producing members present and voting and at least half of the consuming members present and voting; (9) "Simple distributed majority vote" means a vote requiring more than half of the votes cast by producing members present and voting and more than half of the votes cast by consuming members present and voting, counted separately; (10) "Financial year" means the period from 1 January to 31 December inclusive; (11) "Freely usable currencies" means the deutsche mark , the French franc, the Japanese yen, the pound sterling, the United States dollar and any other currency which has been designated from time to time by a competent international monetary organization as being in fact widely used to make payments for international transactions and widely traded in the principal exchange markets. CHAPTER III. ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION Article 3 Headquarters and structure of the International Tropical Timber Organization 1. The International Tropical Timber Organization established by the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983 shall continue in being for the purposes of administering the provisions and supervising the operation of this Agreement. 2. The Organization shall function through the Council established under article 6, the committees and other subsidiary bodies referred to in article 26 and the Executive Director and staff. 3. The headquarters of the Organization shall be in Yokohama, unless the Council, by special vote, decides otherwise. 4. The headquarters of the Organization shall at all times be located in the territory of a member. Article 4 Membership in the Organization There shall be two categories of membership in the Organization, namely: (a) Producing; and (b) Consuming. Article 5 Membership by intergovernmental organizations 1. Any reference in this Agreement to "Governments" shall be construed as including the European Community and any other intergovernmental organization having responsibilities in respect of the negotiation, conclusion and application of international agreements, in particular commodity agreements. Accordingly, any reference in this Agreement to signature, ratification, acceptance or approval, or to notification of provisional application, or to accession shall, in the case of such intergovernmental organizations, be construed as including a reference to signature, ratification, acceptance or approval, or to notification of provisional application, or to accession, by such intergovernmental organizations. 2. In the case of voting on matters within their competence, such intergovernmental organizations shall vote with a number of votes equal to the total number of votes attributable to their member States in accordance with article 10. In such cases, the member States of such intergovernmental organizations shall not be entitled to exercise their individual voting rights. CHAPTER IV. INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER COUNCIL Article 6 Composition of the International Tropical Timber Council 1. The highest authority of the Organization shall be the International Tropical Timber Council, which shall consist of all the members of the Organization. 2. Each member shall be represented in the Council by one representative and may designate alternates and advisers to attend sessions of the Council. 3. An alternate representative shall be empowered to act and vote on behalf of the representative during the latter's absence or in special circumstances. Article 7 Powers and functions of the Council 1. The Council shall exercise all such powers and perform or arrange for the performance of all such functions as are necessary to carry out the provisions of this Agreement. 2. The Council shall, by special vote, adopt such rules and regulations as are necessary to carry out the provisions of this Agreement and as are consistent therewith, including its own rules of procedure and the financial rules and staff regulations of the Organization. Such financial rules regulations shall, inter alia, govern the receipt and expenditure of funds under the Administrative Account, the Special Account and the Bali Partnership Fund. The Council may, in its rules of procedure, provide for a procedure whereby it may, without meeting, decide specific questions. 3. The Council shall keep such records as are required for the performance of its functions under this Agreement. Article 8 Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the Council 1. The Council shall elect for each calendar year a Chairman and a Vice-Chairman, whose salaries shall not be paid by the Organization. 2. The Chairman and the Vice-Chairman shall be elected, one from among the representatives of producing members and the other from among the representatives of consuming members. These offices shall alternate each year between the two categories of members, provided, however, that this shall not prohibit the re-election of either or both, under exceptional circumstances, by special vote of the Council. 3. In the temporary absence of the Chairman, the Vice- Chairman shall act in his place. In the temporary absence of both the Chairman and the Vice-Chairman, or in the absence of one or both of them for the rest of the term for which they were elected, the Council may elect new officers from among the representatives of the producing members and/or from among the representatives of the consuming members, as the case may be, on a temporary basis or for the rest of the term for which the predecessor or predecessors were elected. Article 9 Sessions of the Council 1. As a general rule, the Council shall hold at least one regular session a year. 2. The Council shall meet in special session whenever it so decides or at the request of: (a) The Executive Director, in agreement with the Chairman of the Council; or (b) A majority of producing members or a majority of consuming members; or (c) Members holding at least 500 votes. 3. Sessions of the Council shall be held at the headquarters of the Organization unless the Council, by special vote, decides otherwise. If on the invitation of any member the Council meets elsewhere than at the headquarters of the Organization, that member shall pay the additional cost of holding the meeting away from headquarters. 4. Notice of any sessions and the agenda for such sessions shall be communicated to members by the Executive Director at least six weeks in advance, except in cases of emergency, when notice shall be communicated at least seven days in advance. Article 10 Distribution of votes 1. The producing members shall together hold 1,000 votes and the consuming members shall together hold 1,000 votes. 2. The votes of the producing members shall be distributed as follows: (a) Four hundred votes shall be distributed equally among the three producing regions of Africa, Asia-Pacific and Latin America. The votes thus allocated to each of these regions shall then be distributed equally among the producing members of that region; (b) Three hundred votes shall be distributed among the producing members in accordance with their respective shares of the total tropical forest resources of all producing members; and (c) Three hundred votes shall be distributed among the producing members in proportion to the average of the values of their respective net exports of tropical timber during the most recent three-year period for which definitive figures are available. 3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2 of this article, the total votes allocated to the producing members from the African region, calculated in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article, shall be distributed equally among all producing members from the African region. If there are any remaining votes, each of these votes shall be allocated to a producing member from the African region: the first to the producing member which is allocated the highest number of votes calculated in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article, the second to the producing member which is allocated the second highest number of votes, and so on until all the remaining votes have been distributed. 4. For purposes of the calculation of the distribution of votes under paragraph 2 (b) of this article, "tropical forest resources" means productive closed broad-leaved forests as defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 5. The votes of the consuming members shall be distributed as follows: each consuming member shall have 10 initial votes: the remaining votes shall be distributed among the consuming members in proportion to the average volume of their respective net imports of tropical timber during the three- year period commencing four calendar years prior to the distribution of votes. 6. The Council shall distribute the votes for each financial year at the beginning of its first session of that year in accordance with the provisions of this article. Such distribution shall remain in effect for the rest of that year, except as provided for in paragraph 7 of this article. 7. Whenever the membership of the Organization changes or when any member has its voting rights suspended or restored under any provision of this Agreement, the Council shall redistribute the votes within the affected category or categories of members in accordance with the provisions of this article. The Council shall, in that event, decide when such redistribution shall become effective. 8. There shall be no fractional votes. Article 11 Voting procedure of the Council 1. Each member shall be entitled to cast the number of votes it holds and no member shall be entitled to divide its votes. A member may, however, cast differently from such votes any votes which it is authorized to cast under paragraph 2 of this article. 2. By written notification to the Chairman of the Council, any producing member may authorize, under its own responsibility, any other producing member, and any consuming member may authorize, under its own responsibility, any other consuming member, to represent its interests and to cast its votes at any meeting of the Council. 3. When abstaining, a member shall be deemed not to have cast its votes. Article 12 Decisions and recommendations of the Council 1. The Council shall endeavour to take all decisions and to make all recommendations by consensus. If consensus cannot be reached, the Council shall take all decisions and make all recommendations by a simple distributed majority vote, unless this Agreement provides for a special vote. 2. Where a member avails itself of the provisions of article 11, paragraph 2, and its votes are cast at a meeting of the Council, such member shall, for the purposes of paragraph 1 of this article, be considered as present and voting. Article 13 Quorum for the Council 1. The quorum for any meeting of the Council shall be the presence of a majority of members of each category referred to in article 4, provided that such members hold at least two thirds of the total votes in their respective categories. 2. If there is no quorum in accordance with paragraph 1 of this article on the day fixed for the meeting and on the following day, the quorum on the subsequent days of the session shall be the presence of a majority of members of each category referred to in article 4, provided that such members hold a majority of the total votes in their respective categories. 3. Representation in accordanceINTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER AGREEMENT, 1994 This data access service is provided by the Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), which operates the Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC) for the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
Environmental Treaties and Resource Indicators (ENTRI) -- Full Text File
The full text of this treaty was provided by the Antarctic Cooperative Research Centre (ACRC).No summary of this treaty is available.
See the ENTRI query system for information about the status of this treaty.
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INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER AGREEMENT, 1994 International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) International Organizations Center, 5th Floor Pacifico-Yokohama, 1-1-1, Minato-Mirai Nishi-ku, Yokohama 220, Japan July 1992 ------------------------------------------------------------- CONTENTS PREAMBLE CHAPTER I. OBJECTIVES 1. Objectives CHAPTER II. DEFINITIONS 2. Definitions CHAPTER III. ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION 3. Headquarters and structure of the International Tropical Timber Organization 4. Membership in the Organization 5. Membership by intergovernmental organizations CHAPTER IV. INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER COUNCIL 6. Composition of the International Tropical Timber Council 7. Powers and functions of the Council 8. Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the Council 9. Sessions of the Council 10. Distribution of votes 11. Voting procedure of the Council 12. Decisions and recommendations of the Council 13. Quorum for the Council 14. Cooperation and coordination with other organizations 15. Admission of observers 16. Executive Director and staff CHAPTER V. PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES 17. Privileges and immunities CHAPTER VI. FINANCE 18. Financial accounts 19. Administrative Account 20. Special Account 21. The Bali Partnership Fund 22. Forms of payment 23. Audit and publication of accounts CHAPTER VII. OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES 24 Policy work of the Organization 25. Project activities of the Organization 26. Establishment of Committees 27. Functions of the Committees CHAPTER VIII. RELATIONSHIP WITH THE COMMON FUND FOR COMMODITIES 28. Relationship with the Common Fund for Commodities CHAPTER IX. STATISTICS, STUDIES AND INFORMATION 29. Statistics, studies and information 30. Annual report and review CHAPTER X. Miscellaneous 31. Complaints and disputes 32. General obligations of members 33. Relief from obligations 34. Differential and remedial measures and special measures 35. Review 36. Non-discrimination CHAPTER XI. FINAL PROVISIONS 37. Depositary 38. Signature, ratification, acceptance and approval 39. Accession 40. Notification of provisional application 41. Entry into force 42. Amendments 43. Withdrawal 44. Exclusion 45. Settlement of accounts with withdrawing or excluded members or members unable to accept an amendment 46. Duration, extension and termination 47. Reservations 48. Supplementary and transitional provisions ANNEXES A. List of producing countries with tropical forest resources and/or net exporters of tropical timber in volume terms, and allocation of votes for the purposes of article 41 B. List of consuming countries and allocation of votes for the purposes of article 41. Preamble The Parties to this Agreement, Recalling the Declaration and the Programme of Action on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order; the Integrated Programme for Commodities; the New Partnership for Development: the Cartagena Commitment and the relevant objectives contained in the Spirit of Cartagena, Recalling the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983, and recognizing the work of the International Tropical Timber Organization and its achievements since its inception, including a strategy for achieving international trade in tropical timber from sustainably managed sources, Recalling further the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, the Non-Legally Binding Authoritative Statement of Principles for a Global Consensus on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of all Types of Forests, and the relevant Chapters of Agenda 21 as adopted by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in June 1992, in Rio de Janeiro; the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; and the Convention on Biological Diversity, Recognizing the importance of timber to the economies of countries with timber producing forests, Further recognizing the need to promote and apply comparable and appropriate guidelines and criteria for the management, conservation and sustainable development of all types of timber producing forests, Taking into account the linkages of tropical timber trade and the international timber market and the need for taking a global perspective in order to improve transparency in the international timber market, Noting the commitment of all members, made in Bali, Indonesia, in May 1990, to achieve exports of tropical timber products from sustainably managed sources by the year 2000 and recognizing Principle 10 of the Non-Legally Binding Authoritative Statement of Principles for a Global Consensus on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of all Types of Forests which states that new and additional financial resources should be provided to developing countries to enable them to sustainably manage, conserve and develop their forests, including through afforestation, reforestation and combating deforestation and forest and land degradation, Noting also the statement of commitment to maintain, or achieve by the year 2000, the sustainable management of their respective forests made by consuming members who are parties to the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983 at the fourth session of the United Nations Conference for the Negotiation of a successor agreement to the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983 in Geneva on the 21 January 1994, Desiring to strengthen the framework of international cooperation and policy development between members in finding solutions to the problems facing the tropical timber economy, Have agreed as follows: CHAPTER I. OBJECTIVES Article 1 Objectives Recognizing the sovereignty of members over their natural resources, as defined in Principle 1 (a) of the Non-Legally Binding Authoritative Statement of Principles for a Global Consensus on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of all Types of Forests, the objectives of the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994 (hereinafter referred to as "this Agreement") are: (a) To provide an effective framework for consultation, international cooperation and policy development among all members with regard to all relevant aspects of the world timber economy; (b) To provide a forum for consultation to promote non- discriminatory timber trade practices; (c) To contribute to the process of sustainable development; (d) To enhance the capacity of members to implement a strategy for achieving exports of tropical timber and timber products from sustainably managed sources by the year 2000; (e) To promote the expansion and diversification of international trade in tropical timber from sustainable sources by improving the structural conditions in international markets, by taking into account, on the one hand, a long term increase in consumption and continuity of supplies, and, on the other, prices which reflect the costs of sustainable forest management and which are remunerative and equitable for members, and the improvement of market access; (f) To promote and support research and development with a view to improving forest management and efficiency of wood utilization as well as increasing the capacity to conserve and enhance other forest values in timber producing tropical forests; (g) To develop and contribute towards mechanisms for the provision of new and additional financial resources and expertise needed to enhance the capacity of producing members to attain the objectives of this Agreement; (h) To improve market intelligence with a view to ensuring greater transparency in the international timber market, including the gathering, compilation, and dissemination of trade related data, including data related to species being traded; (i) To promote increased and further processing of tropical timber from sustainable sources in producing member countries with a view to promoting their industrialization and thereby increasing their employment opportunities and export earnings; (j) To encourage members to support and develop industrial tropical timber reforestation and forest management activities as well as rehabilitation of degraded forest land, with due regard for the interests of local communities dependent on forest resourc es; (k) To improve marketing and distribution of tropical timber exports from sustainably managed sources; (l) To encourage members to develop national policies aimed at sustainable utilization and conservation of timber producing forests and their genetic resources and at maintaining the ecological balance in the regions concerned, in the context of tropical timber trade; (m) To promote the access to, and transfer of, technologies and technical cooperation to implement the objectives of this Agreement, including on concessional and preferential terms and conditions, as mutually agreed; and (n) To encourage information-sharing on the international timber market. CHAPTER II. DEFINITIONS Article 2 Definitions For the purposes of this Agreement: (1) "Tropical timber" means non-coniferous tropical wood for industrial uses, which grows or is produced in the countries situated between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. The term covers logs, sawn wood, veneer sheets and plywood. Plywood which includes in some measure conifers of tropical origin shall also be covered by this definition; (2) "Further processing" means the transformation of logs into primary wood products, semi-finished and finished products made wholly or almost wholly of tropical timber; (3) "Member" means a Government or an intergovernmental organization referred to in article 5 which has consented to be bound by this Agreement whether it is in force provisionally or definitively; (4) "Producing member" means any country with tropical forest resources and/or a net exporter of tropical timber in volume terms which is listed in annex A and which becomes a party to this Agreement, or any country with tropical forest resources and/or a net exporter of tropical timber in volume terms which is not so listed and which becomes a party to this Agreement and which the Council, with the consent of that country, declares to be a producing member; (5) "Consuming member" means any country listed in annex B which becomes a party to this Agreement, or any country not so listed which becomes a party to this Agreement and which the Council, with the consent of that country, declares to be a consuming member; (6) "Organization" means the International Tropical Timber Organization established in accordance with article 3; (7) "Council" means the International Tropical Timber Council established in accordance with article 6; (8) "Special vote" means a vote requiring a least two thirds of the votes cast by producing members present and voting and at least 60 per cent of the votes cast by consuming members present and voting, counted separately, on condition that these votes are cast by at least half of the producing members present and voting and at least half of the consuming members present and voting; (9) "Simple distributed majority vote" means a vote requiring more than half of the votes cast by producing members present and voting and more than half of the votes cast by consuming members present and voting, counted separately; (10) "Financial year" means the period from 1 January to 31 December inclusive; (11) "Freely usable currencies" means the deutsche mark , the French franc, the Japanese yen, the pound sterling, the United States dollar and any other currency which has been designated from time to time by a competent international monetary organization as being in fact widely used to make payments for international transactions and widely traded in the principal exchange markets. CHAPTER III. ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION Article 3 Headquarters and structure of the International Tropical Timber Organization 1. The International Tropical Timber Organization established by the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983 shall continue in being for the purposes of administering the provisions and supervising the operation of this Agreement. 2. The Organization shall function through the Council established under article 6, the committees and other subsidiary bodies referred to in article 26 and the Executive Director and staff. 3. The headquarters of the Organization shall be in Yokohama, unless the Council, by special vote, decides otherwise. 4. The headquarters of the Organization shall at all times be located in the territory of a member. Article 4 Membership in the Organization There shall be two categories of membership in the Organization, namely: (a) Producing; and (b) Consuming. Article 5 Membership by intergovernmental organizations 1. Any reference in this Agreement to "Governments" shall be construed as including the European Community and any other intergovernmental organization having responsibilities in respect of the negotiation, conclusion and application of international agreements, in particular commodity agreements. Accordingly, any reference in this Agreement to signature, ratification, acceptance or approval, or to notification of provisional application, or to accession shall, in the case of such intergovernmental organizations, be construed as including a reference to signature, ratification, acceptance or approval, or to notification of provisional application, or to accession, by such intergovernmental organizations. 2. In the case of voting on matters within their competence, such intergovernmental organizations shall vote with a number of votes equal to the total number of votes attributable to their member States in accordance with article 10. In such cases, the member States of such intergovernmental organizations shall not be entitled to exercise their individual voting rights. CHAPTER IV. INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER COUNCIL Article 6 Composition of the International Tropical Timber Council 1. The highest authority of the Organization shall be the International Tropical Timber Council, which shall consist of all the members of the Organization. 2. Each member shall be represented in the Council by one representative and may designate alternates and advisers to attend sessions of the Council. 3. An alternate representative shall be empowered to act and vote on behalf of the representative during the latter's absence or in special circumstances. Article 7 Powers and functions of the Council 1. The Council shall exercise all such powers and perform or arrange for the performance of all such functions as are necessary to carry out the provisions of this Agreement. 2. The Council shall, by special vote, adopt such rules and regulations as are necessary to carry out the provisions of this Agreement and as are consistent therewith, including its own rules of procedure and the financial rules and staff regulations of the Organization. Such financial rules regulations shall, inter alia, govern the receipt and expenditure of funds under the Administrative Account, the Special Account and the Bali Partnership Fund. The Council may, in its rules of procedure, provide for a procedure whereby it may, without meeting, decide specific questions. 3. The Council shall keep such records as are required for the performance of its functions under this Agreement. Article 8 Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the Council 1. The Council shall elect for each calendar year a Chairman and a Vice-Chairman, whose salaries shall not be paid by the Organization. 2. The Chairman and the Vice-Chairman shall be elected, one from among the representatives of producing members and the other from among the representatives of consuming members. These offices shall alternate each year between the two categories of members, provided, however, that this shall not prohibit the re-election of either or both, under exceptional circumstances, by special vote of the Council. 3. In the temporary absence of the Chairman, the Vice- Chairman shall act in his place. In the temporary absence of both the Chairman and the Vice-Chairman, or in the absence of one or both of them for the rest of the term for which they were elected, the Council may elect new officers from among the representatives of the producing members and/or from among the representatives of the consuming members, as the case may be, on a temporary basis or for the rest of the term for which the predecessor or predecessors were elected. Article 9 Sessions of the Council 1. As a general rule, the Council shall hold at least one regular session a year. 2. The Council shall meet in special session whenever it so decides or at the request of: (a) The Executive Director, in agreement with the Chairman of the Council; or (b) A majority of producing members or a majority of consuming members; or (c) Members holding at least 500 votes. 3. Sessions of the Council shall be held at the headquarters of the Organization unless the Council, by special vote, decides otherwise. If on the invitation of any member the Council meets elsewhere than at the headquarters of the Organization, that member shall pay the additional cost of holding the meeting away from headquarters. 4. Notice of any sessions and the agenda for such sessions shall be communicated to members by the Executive Director at least six weeks in advance, except in cases of emergency, when notice shall be communicated at least seven days in advance. Article 10 Distribution of votes 1. The producing members shall together hold 1,000 votes and the consuming members shall together hold 1,000 votes. 2. The votes of the producing members shall be distributed as follows: (a) Four hundred votes shall be distributed equally among the three producing regions of Africa, Asia-Pacific and Latin America. The votes thus allocated to each of these regions shall then be distributed equally among the producing members of that region; (b) Three hundred votes shall be distributed among the producing members in accordance with their respective shares of the total tropical forest resources of all producing members; and (c) Three hundred votes shall be distributed among the producing members in proportion to the average of the values of their respective net exports of tropical timber during the most recent three-year period for which definitive figures are available. 3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2 of this article, the total votes allocated to the producing members from the African region, calculated in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article, shall be distributed equally among all producing members from the African region. If there are any remaining votes, each of these votes shall be allocated to a producing member from the African region: the first to the producing member which is allocated the highest number of votes calculated in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article, the second to the producing member which is allocated the second highest number of votes, and so on until all the remaining votes have been distributed. 4. For purposes of the calculation of the distribution of votes under paragraph 2 (b) of this article, "tropical forest resources" means productive closed broad-leaved forests as defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 5. The votes of the consuming members shall be distributed as follows: each consuming member shall have 10 initial votes: the remaining votes shall be distributed among the consuming members in proportion to the average volume of their respective net imports of tropical timber during the three- year period commencing four calendar years prior to the distribution of votes. 6. The Council shall distribute the votes for each financial year at the beginning of its first session of that year in accordance with the provisions of this article. Such distribution shall remain in effect for the rest of that year, except as provided for in paragraph 7 of this article. 7. Whenever the membership of the Organization changes or when any member has its voting rights suspended or restored under any provision of this Agreement, the Council shall redistribute the votes within the affected category or categories of members in accordance with the provisions of this article. The Council shall, in that event, decide when such redistribution shall become effective. 8. There shall be no fractional votes. Article 11 Voting procedure of the Council 1. Each member shall be entitled to cast the number of votes it holds and no member shall be entitled to divide its votes. A member may, however, cast differently from such votes any votes which it is authorized to cast under paragraph 2 of this article. 2. By written notification to the Chairman of the Council, any producing member may authorize, under its own responsibility, any other producing member, and any consuming member may authorize, under its own responsibility, any other consuming member, to represent its interests and to cast its votes at any meeting of the Council. 3. When abstaining, a member shall be deemed not to have cast its votes. Article 12 Decisions and recommendations of the Council 1. The Council shall endeavour to take all decisions and to make all recommendations by consensus. If consensus cannot be reached, the Council shall take all decisions and make all recommendations by a simple distributed majority vote, unless this Agreement provides for a special vote. 2. Where a member avails itself of the provisions of article 11, paragraph 2, and its votes are cast at a meeting of the Council, such member shall, for the purposes of paragraph 1 of this article, be considered as present and voting. Article 13 Quorum for the Council 1. The quorum for any meeting of the Council shall be the presence of a majority of members of each category referred to in article 4, provided that such members hold at least two thirds of the total votes in their respective categories. 2. If there is no quorum in accordance with paragraph 1 of this article on the day fixed for the meeting and on the following day, the quorum on the subsequent days of the session shall be the presence of a majority of members of each category referred to in article 4, provided that such members hold a majority of the total votes in their respective categories. 3. Representation in accordance with article 11, paragraph 2, shall be considered as presence. Article 14 Cooperation and co-ordination with other organizations 1. The Council shall make arrangements as appropriate for consultations and cooperation with the United Nations and its organs, including the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD), intergovernmental organizations, including the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), and non-governmental organizations. 2. The Organization shall, to the maximum extent possible, utilize the facilities, services and expertise of existing intergovernmental, governmental or non-governmental organizations, in order to avoid duplication of efforts in achieving the objectives of this Agreement and to enhance the complementarity and the efficiency of their activities. Article 15 Admission of observers The Council may invite any non-member Government or any of the organizations referred to in article 14, article 20 and article 29, interested in the activities of the Organization to attend as observers any of the meetings of the Council. Article 16 Executive Director and staff 1. The Council shall, by special vote, appoint the Executive Director. 2. The terms and conditions of appointment of the Executive Director shall be determined by the Council. 3. The Executive Director shall be the chief administrative officer of the Organization and shall be responsible to the Council for the administration and operation of this Agreement in accordance with decisions of the Council. 4. The Executive Director shall appoint the staff in accordance with regulations to be established by the Council. The Council shall, by special vote, decide the number of executive and professional staff the Executive Director may appoint. Any changes in the number of executive and professional staff shall be decided by the Council by special vote. The staff shall be responsible to the Executive Director. 5. Neither the Executive Director nor any member of the staff shall have any financial interest in the timber industry or trade, or associated commercial activities. 6. In the performance of their duties, the Executive Director and staff shall not seek or receive instructions from any member or from any authority external to the Organization. They shall refrain from any action which might reflect adversely on their positions as international officials ultimately responsible to the Council. Each member shall respect the exclusively international character of the responsibilities of the Executive Director and staff and shall not seek to influence them in the discharge of their responsibilities. CHAPTER V. PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES Article 17 Privileges and immunities 1. The Organization shall have legal personality. It shall in particular have the capacity to contract, to acquire and dispose of movable and immovable property, and to institute legal proceedings. 2. The status, privileges and immunities of the Organization, of its Executive Director, its staff and experts, and of representatives of members while in the territory of Japan shall continue to be governed by the Headquarters Agreement between the Government of Japan and the International Tropical Timber Organization signed at Tokyo on 27 February 1988, with such amendments as may be necessary for the proper functioning of this Agreement. 3. The Organization may conclude, with one or more countries, agreements to be approved by the Council relating to such capacity, privileges and immunities as may be necessary for the proper functioning of this Agreement. 4. If the headquarters of the Organization is moved to another country, the member in question shall, as soon as possible, conclude with the Organization a headquarters agreement to be approved by the Council. Pending the conclusion of such an Agreement, the Organization shall request the neINTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER AGREEMENT, 1994 This data access service is provided by the Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), which operates the Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC) for the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
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INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER AGREEMENT, 1994 International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) International Organizations Center, 5th Floor Pacifico-Yokohama, 1-1-1, Minato-Mirai Nishi-ku, Yokohama 220, Japan July 1992 ------------------------------------------------------------- CONTENTS PREAMBLE CHAPTER I. OBJECTIVES 1. Objectives CHAPTER II. DEFINITIONS 2. Definitions CHAPTER III. ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION 3. Headquarters and structure of the International Tropical Timber Organization 4. Membership in the Organization 5. Membership by intergovernmental organizations CHAPTER IV. INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER COUNCIL 6. Composition of the International Tropical Timber Council 7. Powers and functions of the Council 8. Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the Council 9. Sessions of the Council 10. Distribution of votes 11. Voting procedure of the Council 12. Decisions and recommendations of the Council 13. Quorum for the Council 14. Cooperation and coordination with other organizations 15. Admission of observers 16. Executive Director and staff CHAPTER V. PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES 17. Privileges and immunities CHAPTER VI. FINANCE 18. Financial accounts 19. Administrative Account 20. Special Account 21. The Bali Partnership Fund 22. Forms of payment 23. Audit and publication of accounts CHAPTER VII. OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES 24 Policy work of the Organization 25. Project activities of the Organization 26. Establishment of Committees 27. Functions of the Committees CHAPTER VIII. RELATIONSHIP WITH THE COMMON FUND FOR COMMODITIES 28. Relationship with the Common Fund for Commodities CHAPTER IX. STATISTICS, STUDIES AND INFORMATION 29. Statistics, studies and information 30. Annual report and review CHAPTER X. Miscellaneous 31. Complaints and disputes 32. General obligations of members 33. Relief from obligations 34. Differential and remedial measures and special measures 35. Review 36. Non-discrimination CHAPTER XI. FINAL PROVISIONS 37. Depositary 38. Signature, ratification, acceptance and approval 39. Accession 40. Notification of provisional application 41. Entry into force 42. Amendments 43. Withdrawal 44. Exclusion 45. Settlement of accounts with withdrawing or excluded members or members unable to accept an amendment 46. Duration, extension and termination 47. Reservations 48. Supplementary and transitional provisions ANNEXES A. List of producing countries with tropical forest resources and/or net exporters of tropical timber in volume terms, and allocation of votes for the purposes of article 41 B. List of consuming countries and allocation of votes for the purposes of article 41. Preamble The Parties to this Agreement, Recalling the Declaration and the Programme of Action on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order; the Integrated Programme for Commodities; the New Partnership for Development: the Cartagena Commitment and the relevant objectives contained in the Spirit of Cartagena, Recalling the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983, and recognizing the work of the International Tropical Timber Organization and its achievements since its inception, including a strategy for achieving international trade in tropical timber from sustainably managed sources, Recalling further the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, the Non-Legally Binding Authoritative Statement of Principles for a Global Consensus on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of all Types of Forests, and the relevant Chapters of Agenda 21 as adopted by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in June 1992, in Rio de Janeiro; the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; and the Convention on Biological Diversity, Recognizing the importance of timber to the economies of countries with timber producing forests, Further recognizing the need to promote and apply comparable and appropriate guidelines and criteria for the management, conservation and sustainable development of all types of timber producing forests, Taking into account the linkages of tropical timber trade and the international timber market and the need for taking a global perspective in order to improve transparency in the international timber market, Noting the commitment of all members, made in Bali, Indonesia, in May 1990, to achieve exports of tropical timber products from sustainably managed sources by the year 2000 and recognizing Principle 10 of the Non-Legally Binding Authoritative Statement of Principles for a Global Consensus on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of all Types of Forests which states that new and additional financial resources should be provided to developing countries to enable them to sustainably manage, conserve and develop their forests, including through afforestation, reforestation and combating deforestation and forest and land degradation, Noting also the statement of commitment to maintain, or achieve by the year 2000, the sustainable management of their respective forests made by consuming members who are parties to the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983 at the fourth session of the United Nations Conference for the Negotiation of a successor agreement to the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983 in Geneva on the 21 January 1994, Desiring to strengthen the framework of international cooperation and policy development between members in finding solutions to the problems facing the tropical timber economy, Have agreed as follows: CHAPTER I. OBJECTIVES Article 1 Objectives Recognizing the sovereignty of members over their natural resources, as defined in Principle 1 (a) of the Non-Legally Binding Authoritative Statement of Principles for a Global Consensus on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of all Types of Forests, the objectives of the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994 (hereinafter referred to as "this Agreement") are: (a) To provide an effective framework for consultation, international cooperation and policy development among all members with regard to all relevant aspects of the world timber economy; (b) To provide a forum for consultation to promote non- discriminatory timber trade practices; (c) To contribute to the process of sustainable development; (d) To enhance the capacity of members to implement a strategy for achieving exports of tropical timber and timber products from sustainably managed sources by the year 2000; (e) To promote the expansion and diversification of international trade in tropical timber from sustainable sources by improving the structural conditions in international markets, by taking into account, on the one hand, a long term increase in consumption and continuity of supplies, and, on the other, prices which reflect the costs of sustainable forest management and which are remunerative and equitable for members, and the improvement of market access; (f) To promote and support research and development with a view to improving forest management and efficiency of wood utilization as well as increasing the capacity to conserve and enhance other forest values in timber producing tropical forests; (g) To develop and contribute towards mechanisms for the provision of new and additional financial resources and expertise needed to enhance the capacity of producing members to attain the objectives of this Agreement; (h) To improve market intelligence with a view to ensuring greater transparency in the international timber market, including the gathering, compilation, and dissemination of trade related data, including data related to species being traded; (i) To promote increased and further processing of tropical timber from sustainable sources in producing member countries with a view to promoting their industrialization and thereby increasing their employment opportunities and export earnings; (j) To encourage members to support and develop industrial tropical timber reforestation and forest management activities as well as rehabilitation of degraded forest land, with due regard for the interests of local communities dependent on forest resourc es; (k) To improve marketing and distribution of tropical timber exports from sustainably managed sources; (l) To encourage members to develop national policies aimed at sustainable utilization and conservation of timber producing forests and their genetic resources and at maintaining the ecological balance in the regions concerned, in the context of tropical timber trade; (m) To promote the access to, and transfer of, technologies and technical cooperation to implement the objectives of this Agreement, including on concessional and preferential terms and conditions, as mutually agreed; and (n) To encourage information-sharing on the international timber market. CHAPTER II. DEFINITIONS Article 2 Definitions For the purposes of this Agreement: (1) "Tropical timber" means non-coniferous tropical wood for industrial uses, which grows or is produced in the countries situated between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. The term covers logs, sawn wood, veneer sheets and plywood. Plywood which includes in some measure conifers of tropical origin shall also be covered by this definition; (2) "Further processing" means the transformation of logs into primary wood products, semi-finished and finished products made wholly or almost wholly of tropical timber; (3) "Member" means a Government or an intergovernmental organization referred to in article 5 which has consented to be bound by this Agreement whether it is in force provisionally or definitively; (4) "Producing member" means any country with tropical forest resources and/or a net exporter of tropical timber in volume terms which is listed in annex A and which becomes a party to this Agreement, or any country with tropical forest resources and/or a net exporter of tropical timber in volume terms which is not so listed and which becomes a party to this Agreement and which the Council, with the consent of that country, declares to be a producing member; (5) "Consuming member" means any country listed in annex B which becomes a party to this Agreement, or any country not so listed which becomes a party to this Agreement and which the Council, with the consent of that country, declares to be a consuming member; (6) "Organization" means the International Tropical Timber Organization established in accordance with article 3; (7) "Council" means the International Tropical Timber Council established in accordance with article 6; (8) "Special vote" means a vote requiring a least two thirds of the votes cast by producing members present and voting and at least 60 per cent of the votes cast by consuming members present and voting, counted separately, on condition that these votes are cast by at least half of the producing members present and voting and at least half of the consuming members present and voting; (9) "Simple distributed majority vote" means a vote requiring more than half of the votes cast by producing members present and voting and more than half of the votes cast by consuming members present and voting, counted separately; (10) "Financial year" means the period from 1 January to 31 December inclusive; (11) "Freely usable currencies" means the deutsche mark , the French franc, the Japanese yen, the pound sterling, the United States dollar and any other currency which has been designated from time to time by a competent international monetary organization as being in fact widely used to make payments for international transactions and widely traded in the principal exchange markets. CHAPTER III. ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION Article 3 Headquarters and structure of the International Tropical Timber Organization 1. The International Tropical Timber Organization established by the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983 shall continue in being for the purposes of administering the provisions and supervising the operation of this Agreement. 2. The Organization shall function through the Council established under article 6, the committees and other subsidiary bodies referred to in article 26 and the Executive Director and staff. 3. The headquarters of the Organization shall be in Yokohama, unless the Council, by special vote, decides otherwise. 4. The headquarters of the Organization shall at all times be located in the territory of a member. Article 4 Membership in the Organization There shall be two categories of membership in the Organization, namely: (a) Producing; and (b) Consuming. Article 5 Membership by intergovernmental organizations 1. Any reference in this Agreement to "Governments" shall be construed as including the European Community and any other intergovernmental organization having responsibilities in respect of the negotiation, conclusion and application of international agreements, in particular commodity agreements. Accordingly, any reference in this Agreement to signature, ratification, acceptance or approval, or to notification of provisional application, or to accession shall, in the case of such intergovernmental organizations, be construed as including a reference to signature, ratification, acceptance or approval, or to notification of provisional application, or to accession, by such intergovernmental organizations. 2. In the case of voting on matters within their competence, such intergovernmental organizations shall vote with a number of votes equal to the total number of votes attributable to their member States in accordance with article 10. In such cases, the member States of such intergovernmental organizations shall not be entitled to exercise their individual voting rights. CHAPTER IV. INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER COUNCIL Article 6 Composition of the International Tropical Timber Council 1. The highest authority of the Organization shall be the International Tropical Timber Council, which shall consist of all