WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION

UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME

INDONESIA

Indonesia has observed profile ozone, total ozone and surface ozone. From the profile ozone we can see that the altitude of the maximum ozone concentration are between 24-27km. The maximum total ozone over Ciater, Bandung are 311 DU ; 257 DU; and the minimum are 241 DU; 224 DU. The range of surface ozone mean concentration in Bandung are 7 ppbv - 26 ppbv.

INTRODUCTION

Ozone forms a layer in the stratosphere that absorbs dangerous solar ultraviolet radiation. The increasing amounts of man made chemicals are accelerating the speed at which ozone molecules are destroyed.
The Equatorial atmosphere is considered to play an important role in the global budged and for circulation of minor constituents in the stratosphere. Active photochemical processes in the equatorial atmosphere produce lots of ozone. The ozone diffuses through transportation from tropical to polar region associating with planetory wave activities (Iwasaka,1994) As described above, the important role of ozone and photochemical proceses in equatorial region, Indonesia have been conducting many observations in profile ozone, total ozone and surface ozone.

METHOD FOR OBSERVATION

Profile Ozone Observation

In this observation we launced ozone payload with meteorological balloon. The basic methode is electrochemical reaction between ozone and Potasium Iodide solution. We had a reciever for detecting the ozone concentration every level.
We have two equipments, the first one is produced by MEISEI company from Japan and the second one is produced by VAISALA from Findland.

Total Ozone Observation

In this observation LAPAN measures total ozone in Watukosek with Brewer Spectrophotometer, under collaboration with NASDA.
LAPAN put the Brewer spectrophotometer in Bandung for measuring the total ozone and ultraviolet radiation. Under collaboration with Nagoya University (Japan), LAPAN measures total ozone and NO₂ in Ciater with Ground based Spectrophotometer Visible.

Surface Ozone Observation

The surface ozone observation started since 1986. The ozone instrument in this observation is a Dylec model 1006AHJ which is based on ultraviolet absorption technique and produced under the license of Dasibi Inc. It uses a low pressure mercury lamp as a light source. The lamp emits ultraviolet radiation predominantly at the wavelength 253.7 nm which is strongly absorbed by ozone. Ozone concentration is derived by measuring the absorption of the 253.7 nm radiation (Ogawa and Komala, 1990). This observation under collaboration with Tokyo University.

OBSERVATION RESULT

Profile Ozone

Profile ozone is measured in Watukosek, Bandung, Jakarta and Yogyakarta, the result are follows :

Fig-1 is ozone measurement in Watukosek by S. Saraspriyo et al. in December 22nd-23rd , 1994. MEISEI equipment with payload ozonesonde RS II - KC79D are used for observation.
Fig-2, Fig-3 are ozone measurement in Jakarta and Bandung by T. Samiaji at al. in 1994. VAISALA equipment with payload ozonesonde E.C.C. are used for observation.

From fig-1 and fig-2 we can see that the altitude of the maximum ozone concentration in Watukosek, Jakarta, Bandung are between 24-27 Km.

From fig-3 we can see that the ozone concentration in the transition season from dry season to wet season is bigger than in wet season.

Total Ozone

The total ozone over Ciater measured since 1994. The observation result from August, 1994 until July 1995 (one year result) in fig-4. The maximum ozone total in November 1994 and the minimum in July 1995. The maximum and minimum value are 311 DU and 241 DU.
The total ozone over Bandung in fig -5. The observation started since 1995. From August until December 1995 the maximum and minimum total ozon are 257 DU and 224 DU.

Surface Ozone

The mean surface ozone concentration in Bandung since 1987-1995 is in fig-6. (Komala et al., 1995). The Concentration fluctuation is depend on the local activities which produce ozone precusor. The range concentration are 7 ppbv - 26 ppbv.

FUTURE PROGRAME

Bandung, Watukosek, Ciater are in the south hemisphere. To know the ozone dynamic we will observed in equator and north hemisphere. Pontianak and Menado will support this activities.

Reference

1. Iwasaka, "Heterogeneous Processes in the Stratosphere : Tropical Stratospheric Aerosol and Ozone". Proceeding Media Dirgantara LAPAN No. D-IV/03-94, ISBN 9798554-00-0, Desember 1994. The Proceeding of Workshop on aerosol and ozone in the tropical Stratosphere.

2. Ninong Komala, Nanang Effendi, Nurlaini "Penelitian Polusi Udara".Program penelitian LAPAN 1995/1996,belum diterbitkan.

3. Slamet Saraspriyo, Ninong Komala, Agus Suripto, Sri Wahyu Partomo, Sunardi, lalu Husnan Wijaya. " Variasi Diurnal Konsentrasi Ozon Vertical". Program Penelitian LAPAN 1994/1995, belum diterbitkan.

4. T. Ogawa Prof. and Ninong Komala, "Surface ozone data at Watukosek and Bandung". Vol 1, Geophysic Research Laboratory, University of Tokyo and Atmospheric Research and Development Center, Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space, 1990.

5. Toni Samiaji, Sumaryati, Iis Sofiati, Siti Asiati, "Profil Ozon Vertical in Bandung and Jakarta". Program Penelitian LAPAN 1994/1995, belum diterbitkan.