WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION

UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME

PERU

SENAMHI, with WMO support and in the framework of Global Atmosphere Watch Programme (GAWVAG) has obtained monitoring computerized equipment for total ozone and other GAW measurements which is presently being installed at Marcapomacocha, 160 kms of Lima (the Dobson was previously located at Huankayo). This station is located at a rural area 11 ° 24'S south latitude, 76 ° 20'W west latitude and an altitude of 4,413 meters above sea level. It is an open area, free of industrial pollution and far from productive activities made by man, that is, it presents the most favorable conditions, a clean and clear sky that permits an excellent measurement of ozone and other atmospheric parameters.

The equipment for the GAW scientific station includes the following instruments:

- A Dobson Spectrophotometer (previously at Huankayo);
- A Data Transmisor with tape recorder and storage module to continuously register surface ozone and UV-B measurements;
- A surface ozone analyzer with standard transfer calibration;
- An automated meteorological station with all solar radiation components and connected data logger.

SENAMHI will provide the station with the following:

- Lightning rod;
- Wind speed and direction sensors;
- Temperature sensors and relative humidity;
- Pluviometers;
- System of complete data acquisition with software;
- Building and accessories to support the installation;
- Observers for continuous operation.

At the beginning this station will be fed with energy from an Hydroelectrical Minicentral in Marcapomacocha. It is foreseen that this VAG station begins to operate in April 1996 and two meteorologist engineers from SENAMHI will be in charge, which will facilitate measurement and collection of precise ozone data and parameters of conventional variables to be sent to WMO Data Centres.

As it will be noted such a station will contribute to the WMO Global Ozone Observing System (GO₃OS). In this respect, SENAMHI has the permanent responsibility of finishing installation works and continuous operation of the GAW-VAG station. Being also the focal point of the network of responsible officers for ozone in Latin America and Caribe, SENAMHI has considered within its Annual Programme " the Study and Research Project of Ozone, UV-B Ultraviolet rays and its incidence on life", with an allowance that is part of its institutional budget. This will constitute another Peru contribution to the scientific report about the condition of ozone layer.

Peru has also implemented projects aimed at the monitoring of destructive ozone substances consumption (ODS) following the strategies and action plan of "Country programmed for the application of the Montreal Protocol. These projects were approved during the XVII Meeting of Multilateral Fund Executive Committee and establishes the activities chronogram. Gradual reduction and elimination of use of ozone destructive chemicals up to year 2007-, for industrial reconversion and for the development of an intensive awareness work, mainly, from productive sectors. As a sample of this, it should be recalled that the "Seminar on Alternative Substances for Industrial Reconversion" that meets both state and private sectors activities and public in general was organized.

Up to now, approximately 2,700,000 dollars have been obtained for financing reconversion projects that have assisted 6 enterprises. Furthermore it was determined the total consumption of substances listed in Montreal Protocol, specially Chlorofluorocarbons CFC11 and 12. Such consumption does not exceed 0,3 kg per capita stipulated by the Protocol and the consumption in 1993-94 of 576,534.64 kg and equals to 0.026 kg per capita annually.

Peru, does not produce neither export controlled substances, for which the consumption of them corresponds to its imports used in the manufacture of various products.

Halons are not imported anymore since 1991. The existing stock of 3 tons consists of 1301, 1211, and 2402. In this case, INERGEN substitute is being used (constituted by 40% of argon and nitrogen and 8% of CO₂) In aerosol area SDO is not imported either, because since 1974 propane-butane gas substitutes and hydrocarburs and also canned products that arrive to Peru that contain alternatives substances are used.

Ozone responsible officer's network organized by regional UNEP, performs a monitoring system with reference to different aspects as:

a.   Total consumption of ODS.
b.   Implementation advance of Vienna Convention and its Montreal Protocol.
c.   Strategies for knowledge and application.
d.   Environmental, economical, social and political benefits from monitoring.
e.   Detection of smuggling, dumping and buying up.

We consider that it is a great advance implementing these in Peru which is a country subject to paragraph 1 of article 5 referring to countries in a special situation.

Retaking GAW-VAG station again, SENAMHI considers that it is necessary its enlargement because donated equipment does not include the instrumental for the implementation of monitoring and greenhouse emissions: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxide, aromatic polycyclic hydrocarburs, carbon particles (soot), chlorofluorocarbons arid hydrochlorofluorocarbons, carbon tetrachlore, vertical distribution of atmospheric ozone and chemical composition of atmospheric aerosol.

To this respect SENAMHI has prepared a project perfile for "Institutional Strengthening in climatic changes and ozone monitoring and research" phase 11 of equipment for GAW-VAG system, whose approaches would be:

1.   Completion of necessary instruments for GAW-VAG.
2.   Computing equipments for direct distant registration from the station to SENAMHI.
3.   Elaboration of "Global Study of Climatic Changes and Ozone" - Strategies
      for the Mitigation of Risks".
4.   Technical assistance.
5.   Training and improvement.

Implementation of the above will be very useful to integral scientific monitoring of the atmosphere which is one the aims of GAW-VAG System. It will also contribute to early alert data increase in order to obtain atmospheric behaviour truthfulness as: ozone layer changes climate changes, chemical composition of rain and snow quantity and composition of atmospheric aerosols (dust particles in suspension, etc) and it can count with good reports that take to a best planification, coordination and evaluation of activities and decisions that must be adopted for an efficient environmental measure. This will be possible only if financial and technological assistance is provided to Peru as a developing country.