SEDAC Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center
Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion 1998 Assessment

HomeTOCPreviousNext

References

Allen, N.S 1983. Degradation and Stabilization of Polyolefins,Applied Science Publishers, London, pp. 373.

Andrady, A.L., Fueki, K. and Torikai, A. 1989. Photodegradation of rigid PVC formulations. I. Wavelength sensitivity of light induced yellowing by monochromatic light. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37:935-946.

Andrady, A.L. and Pegram, J.E 1990. Weathering of polyethylene (LDPE) and enhanced photodegradable polyethylene in the marine environment, Journal of Applied Polymer Science 39:363-370.

Andrady, A.L., Pegram, J.E Tropsha, Y. 1993 Changes in carbonyl index and average molecular weight on embrittlement of enhanced photo-degradable polyethylene. Journal of Environmental Degradation of Polymers 1, 171-179.

Andrady, A.L., Fueki, K. and Torikai, A. 1991. Spectral sensitivity of polycarbonate to light-induced yellowing. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 42:2105-2107.

Andrady, A.L., Searle, N.D. and Crewdson, L.F. 1992. Wavelength sensitivity of stabilized and unstabilized polycarbonate to solar-simulated radiation. Polymer Degradation.and Stability 35:235-247.

Andrady, A.L., Pegram, J.E. and Tropsha, Y. 1993. Changes in carbonyl index and average molecular weight on embrittlement of enhanced photo-degradable polyethylene. Journal of Environmental Degradation of Polymers 1:171-179.

Andrady, A.L., Torikai, A. and Kobatake, T. 1996. Spectral sensitivity of chitosan photodegradation. Journal Applied Polymer Science 62:1465-1471.

Andrady, A.L. 1997. Wavelength sensitivity in polymer photodegradation. Advances in Polymer Sciences 128:49-94.

Burn, L.S. 1994. Lifetime prediction of uPVC pipes - experimental and theoretical comparisons. Plastics Rubber and Composites Processing and Applications 21:99-108.

Decker, C. 1984. Photodegradation of PVC. In Degradation and Stabilization of PVC, Owen, E.D. (ed.), Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, London, p. 81-136.

Ghaffar, A., Scott, G.A. and Scott, G. 1976. The chemical and physical changes occurring during U.V. degradation of high impact polystyrene. European Polymer Journal 11:271-275.

Factor, A., Ligon, W.V. May, R.J. and Greenberg, F.H. 1987. Recent advances in polycarbonate photodegradation. In Advances in Stabilization and Controlled Degradation of Polymers II, Patsis, A.V. (ed.), Technomic Publishing Company. Lancaster Pa., pp. 45 - 58.

Factor, A. 1995. Search for the sources of color in thermally aged, weathered, and gamma-ray irradiated Bisphenol A Polycarbonate. Die Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 232:27-43.

Forsskåhl, I. and Tylli, H. 1993. Light-induced yellowing of wood-containing papers. In Photochemistry of Lignocellulosic Materials, Heitner, C. and Sciano, J.C. (eds.), ACS Symposium Ser. 531 American Chemical Society, p. 45-59.

Fukuda, Y. and Osawa, Z. 1991. Wavelength effect on the photodegradation of polycarbonate and poly(methyl methacrylate). Polymer Degradation and Stability 34:75-80.

Gappert, G.1996. Vinyl 2020: Progress, Challenges, Prospects for the next Quarter Centur, The Vinyl Institute, Morristown New Jersey 07960.

Gardette, J., Lemaire, J. 1991. Photothermal and thermal oxidations of rigid, plasticized and pigmented poly(vinyl chloride). Polymer Degradation and Stability 34:135-167.

Gugumus, F. 1993. Re-evaluation of the stabilization mechanisms of various light stabilizer classes. Polymer Degradation and Stability 39:117-135.

Hamid, H. 1998. Unreported data. Personal communication.

Hamid, S.H., Amin, M.B. and Maadhah A.G. 1995. Weathering degradation of polyrethylene. In Handbook of Polymer Degradation,Hamid, S.H., Amin, M.B. and Maadhah A.G. (eds), Marcel Dekker Inc. New York.

Hamid, S.H., Pritchard, W. 1991. Mathematical modelling of weather-induced degradation of polymer properties. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 43:651-678.

Heitner, C. 1993. Light-induced yellowing of wood-containing papers. In Photochemistry of Lignocellulosic Materials. Heitner, C. and Sciano, J.C. (eds.), ACS Symposium Ser. 531 American Chemical Society. p. 3-25.

Hirt, R.C. and Searle, N.D. 1967. Energy characteristics of outdoor and indoor exposure sources and their relation to the weatherability of plastics. Applied Polymer Symposia 4:61-83.

Ho, B.Y.K 1984. Development of light-stable PVC stabilizer systems for rigid weatherable applications. Journal of Vinyl Technology 6:162-166.

Hon, D.N.-S. 1991. Photochemistry of wood. In Wood and Cellulosic Chemistry. Hon, D.N.-S. and Shiraishi, N. (eds.), Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, pp. 525-556.

Hu, X. 1997. Wavelength sensitivity of photooxidation of polyethylene. Polymer Degradation and Stability 55:131-134.

Hu, X. 1998. Wavelength sensitivity of photooxidation of polyamide 6. (Manuscript accepted for publication by Polymer Degradation and Stability).

Hussein, I., Hamid, S.H. and Khan, J.H. 1995. Poly(vinyl chloride) pipe degradation studies in natural environments. Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 1:137-141.

Jahan, M.S., Drouin, T.R. and Sayre, R.M. 1987. Effect of humidity on photoinduced ESR signal from human hair. Photochemistry and Photobiology 45:543-546.

Launer, H.F. 1965. Effect of light upon wool. part IV: Bleaching and yellowing by sunlight. Textile Research Journal 35:395-400.

Lennox, F.G., King, M.G., Leaver, I.H., Ramsay, G.C., Savige, W.E. 1971. Mechanisms of prevention and correction of wool photoyellowing. Applied Polymer Symposium 18:353-369.

Mader, F.W. 1992. Plastics waste management in Europe. Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Macromolecular Symposia 57:15-31.

Matsumoto, S., Oshima, H., Hasuda, Y. 1984. Natural and induced weathering of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride). Journal of Polymer Science, Polymer Chmirty Edition 22:869-871.

Mitsuoka, T., A. Torikai, K. Fueki, 1993. Wavelength sensitivity of the photodegradation of poly(methyl methacrylate). Journal of Applied Polymer Science 47:1027-1032.

Moore, S. 1994. Construction offers window of opportunity to plastics. Modern Plastics April:46-48.

Owen, E.D. 1984. Degradation and Stabilization of PVC, Degradation and Stabilization of PVC, Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, New York, p. 320.

Pyrde, C.A. 1985. Photoaging of polycarbonate: effects of selected variables on degradation pathways. In Polymer Stabilization and Degradation, Klemchuk, P.P. (ed.), Symp. Ser. 280 American Chemical Society, p. 329-353.

Rabek, J.F. 1995. Polymer Photodegradation, Chapman and Hall, London, England.

Pan, J. and Cui, S. 1993. Study of the photolysis of a commercial hindered amine light stabilizer. Polymer Degradation and Stability 40:375-378.

Rabek, J.F. 1995. Polymer Photodegradation,Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 655.

Rabonavitch, E.B., Queensberry, J.G. and Summers, J.W. 1983. Predicting heat buildup due to sun’s energy. Journal of Vinyl Technology 5:110-115.

Rivaton, A. and Lemaire, J. 1988. Photooxidation and thermooxidation of tetramethyl-bisphenol-A polycarbonate. Polymer Degradation and Stability 23:51-73.

Scott, G. 1990. Polymer Degradation and Stabilization, Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, London.

Scott, G. 1985. New Trends in the Photochemistry of Polymers Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, London.

Shlyapnikov, Y.A., Kiryushkin, S.G. and Mar’in, A.P 1996. Antioxidative Stabilization of Polymers, Taylor and Francis Publishers Ltd, London, England.

Summers, J.W. 1983. Formulations for vinyl housing siding: History, present, future. Journal of Vinyl Technology 5:43-46.

Titow, W.V. 1984. PVC Technology. Fourth Edition. Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, New York. pp. 1233

Torikai, A., Kobatake, T. and Okisaki, F. 1998. Photodegradation of polystyrene containing flame retardants. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 67:1293-1300.

Torikai, A., Mitsuoka, T. and Fueki, K. 1993a. Wavelength sensitivity of the photo-induced reactions in polycarbonate. Journal of Polymer Science. A: Chemistry Edition 31:2785-2788.

Torikai, A., Kato, H. Fueki, K. Suzuki, Y. Okisaki, A. and Nagata, M. 1993b. Photodegradation of polymer materials containing flame-cut agents. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 50:2185-2190.

Torikai, A., Chigata, K. and Fueki, K. 1993c. Photodegradation of incombustible polymer materials. Polymer Preprints. Japan 42:2045-2047.

Warner, W.C., Gruber, E.E. 1966. Light aging of a polyblend film under interference filters, I&EC Product Research and Development 5:219-229.

Wypych, J. 1990. Weathering Handbook. Chemtec Publishing, Toronto, Canada, pp. 512.

Zhang, Z., Hu, X. and Luo Z. 1996. Wavelength sensitivity of photooxidation of polypropylene. Polymer Degradation. and Stability 51:93-97.


HomeTOCPreviousNext
CIESIN Copyright © 1997 For more information about CIESIN and our activities contact CIESIN User Services. E-mail: ciesin.info@ciesin.org. Tel.: (914) 365-8988