5.3.3 Future of Remote Sensing in Anthropology and Archaeology

Continued progress in the development of sensor capabilities in terms of resolution and sensor features will enhance the research methods and potential capabilities for anthropologists and archaeologists. Several factors will contribute to the future implementation of remote sensing technology in anthropological and archaeological research including the improvement of satellite sensor resolution (especially the use of hyperspectral techniques), the building of image archives, facilitated access to data, and the acquisition of the technological skills in processing and applying the data.

The application of satellite imagery in archaeological research has been largely in relation to the detection and analysis of specific sites yet the potential of remote sensing imagery for use in site preservation has not yet been fully realized. The preservation of archeological sites is of considerable concern worldwide as they are placed under continual threat from both natural and social elements (Darvill et al., 1993). Erosion, earthquakes and landslides have on occasion destroyed archaeological sites, while urban development, settlement patterns and infrastructure encroach upon others. The use of satellite imagery can provide identification of such ongoing or potential threats to archaeological sites.

The use of remote sensing in anthropology and archaeology is still in its early stages. The satellite sensors are just now becoming refined enough to allow more thorough investigations of the cultural processes occurring in landscapes, both past and present. Nonetheless, over the past few decades, the application of satellite imagery in anthropological and archaeological research has provided the means for investigation of former and present occupation patterns and resource use. Just as the work of archaeologists and anthropologists continues to contribute to the cultural and social interpretations of the environmental change captured in satellite imagery, there remains significant potential of remote sensing application in land use studies, historical ecology, human ecology, landscape archaeology and archaeological site preservation and management to further contribute to the understanding of the relationship between human activity and landscape development.