Last of the Wild, v3

Human pressure on the environment is a global driver of ecological processes on the planet, on par with climatic trends, geological forces, and astronomical variations. The Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) at Columbia University contributed to the 1993 and 2009 Global Human Footprint data produced by Venter et. al., (2016) at a spatial resolution of ~1 km.

In comparison to Last of the Wild, versions 1 and 2, these 1993 and 2009 data sets utilized an adapted methodology and temporally more recent data inputs on built-up environments, population density, electric power infrastructure, crop lands, pasture lands, roads, railways, and navigable waterways, which then allows for analyses of change over time.